(a) What is crystallization? (b) Cite two properties that may be improved by crystallization.

Define crystallization and provide two properties that can be improved through this process. Crystallization is a process in which a highly ordered and repeating arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules forms from a solution, melt, or gas when the concentration of the dissolved substance exceeds its solubility limit. Two properties that can be improved by crystallization are purity and stability. During crystallization, impurities are typically excluded from the growing crystal lattice, resulting in a purer product. Additionally, crystalline materials generally have higher melting points and better mechanical stability than amorphous materials due to their ordered arrangement, which can lead to improved shelf life and performance in various applications.