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Chapter 19: Problem 29

What measures may be taken to reduce the likelihood of thermal shock of a ceramic piece?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: To reduce the likelihood of thermal shock in ceramic pieces, ensure slow and even heating and cooling, use materials with low thermal expansion coefficients, design ceramic pieces with uniform thickness, introduce pre-stressing during fabrication, use temperature control measures, choose proper glazing materials, and perform heat treatments and annealing.

Step by step solution

01

1. Ensure slow and even heating and cooling

Gradually increase and decrease the temperature of the ceramic piece to avoid rapid temperature changes. Slow and even heating and cooling helps the ceramic material to expand and contract uniformly, reducing the likelihood of thermal shock.
02

2. Use materials with low thermal expansion coefficients

Selecting ceramic materials with low coefficients of thermal expansion can help minimize the risk of thermal shock. Such materials will have less expansion and contraction when subjected to temperature changes, resulting in lower stress levels within the material.
03

3. Design the ceramic piece with uniform thickness dimensions

Uneven thickness in a ceramic piece may lead to different expansion and shrinkage rates during temperature changes. Design the piece with a uniform thickness to ensure even expansion and contraction, which will reduce the likelihood of thermal shock.
04

4. Introduce pre-stressing during fabrication

By introducing compressive stress into the ceramic piece during its fabrication, it can help absorb the tensile stresses resulting from thermal expansion and contraction. This can be achieved through various methods such as hot isostatic pressing, overglazing, or simply applying pressure during the firing process.
05

5. Use temperature control measures during use

During the application or use of the ceramic piece, temperature control measures such as controlled heating and insulation can help to maintain a constant temperature and reduce the risk of rapid temperature changes that may cause thermal shock.
06

6. Choose proper glazing materials

Ensure that the glaze and ceramic material are compatible in terms of their coefficients of thermal expansions. If the glazes match the ceramic material poorly, the difference in expansion and contraction between the glaze and the ceramic body may cause cracks and eventually lead to the ceramic piece's failure.
07

7. Perform heat treatments and annealing

Heat treatments, like annealing, can help to reduce internal stress in the ceramic material, making it more resistant to thermal shock. Subject the ceramic piece to a controlled heating process to a certain temperature, then slowly cool it to room temperature to relieve any internal stresses.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A 0.4-m (15.7-in.) rod of a metal elongates \(0.48\) \(\mathrm{mm}\left(0.019\right.\) in.) on heating from \(20^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) to \(100^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) \(\left(68^{\circ} \mathrm{F}\right.\) to \(\left.212^{\circ} \mathrm{F}\right)\). Determine the value of the linear coefficient of thermal expansion for this material.

We might think of a porous material as being a composite in which one of the phases is a pore phase. Estimate upper and lower limits for the room- temperature thermal conductivity of an aluminum oxide material having a volume fraction of \(0.25\) of pores that are filled with still air.

(a) Briefly explain why \(C_{v}\) rises with increasing temperature at temperatures near \(0 \mathrm{~K}\). (b) Briefly explain why \(C_{v}\) becomes virtually independent of temperature at temperatures far removed from \(0 \mathrm{~K}\).

The constant \(A\) in Equation \(19.2\) is \(12 \pi^{4} R / 5 \theta_{\mathrm{D}}^{3}\), where \(R\) is the gas constant and \(\theta_{\mathrm{D}}\) is the Debye temperature \((\mathrm{K})\). Estimate \(\theta_{\mathrm{D}}\) for aluminum, given that the specific heat is \(4.60 \mathrm{~J} / \mathrm{kg} \cdot \mathrm{K}\) at \(15 \mathrm{~K}\).

A steel wire is stretched with a stress of 70 MPa \((10,000 \mathrm{psi})\) at \(20^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\left(68^{\circ} \mathrm{F}\right) .\) If the length is held constant, to what temperature must the wire be heated to reduce the stress to \(17 \mathrm{MPa}\) \((2500 \mathrm{psi}) ?\)
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