Chapter 2: Problem 12
To what group in the periodic table would an element with atomic number 112 belong?
Chapter 2: Problem 12
To what group in the periodic table would an element with atomic number 112 belong?
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Get started for freeExplain why hydrogen fluoride (HF) has a higher boiling temperature than hydrogen chloride \((\mathrm{HCl})\left(19.4^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\right.\) vs. \(\left.-85^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\right)\), even though HF has a lower molecular weight.
Silicon has three naturally occurring isotopes: \(92.23 \%\) of \({ }^{28} \mathrm{Si}\), with an atomic weight of \(27.9769\) amu; \(4.68 \%\) of \({ }^{29} \mathrm{Si}\), with an atomic weight of \(28.9765 \mathrm{amu} ;\) and \(3.09 \%\) of \({ }^{30} \mathrm{Si}\), with an atomic weight of \(29.9738\) amu. On the basis of these data, confirm that the average atomic weight of \(S i\) is \(28.0854 \mathrm{amu}\).
The net potential energy \(E_{N}\) between two adjacent ions is sometimes represented by the expression $$ E_{N}=-\frac{C}{r}+D \exp \left(-\frac{r}{\rho}\right) $$ in which \(r\) is the interionic separation and \(C, D\), and \(\rho\) are constants whose values depend on the specific material. (a) Derive an expression for the bonding energy \(E_{0}\) in terms of the equilibrium interionic separation \(r_{0}\) and the constants \(D\) and \(\rho\) using the following procedure: (i) Differentiate \(E_{N}\) with respect to \(r\), and set the resulting expression equal to zero. (ii) Solve for \(C\) in terms of \(D, \rho\), and \(r_{0}\). (iii) Determine the expression for \(E_{0}\) by substitution for \(C\) in Equation \(2.18\). (b) Derive another expression for \(E_{0}\) in terms of \(r_{0}, C\), and \(\rho\) using a procedure analogous to the one outlined in part (a).
Give the electron configurations for the following ions: \(\mathrm{P}^{5+}, \mathrm{P}^{3-}, \mathrm{Sn}^{4+}, \mathrm{Se}^{2-}, \mathrm{I}^{-}\), and \(\mathrm{Ni}^{2+}\)
Calculate the force of attraction between a \(\mathrm{Ca}^{2+}\) and an \(\mathrm{O}^{2-}\) ion whose centers are separated by a distance of \(1.25 \mathrm{~nm}\).
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