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Chapter 7: Problem 37

(a) What is the driving force for recrystallization? (b) What is the driving force for grain growth?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: (a) The driving force for recrystallization is the stored energy due to the presence of defects (such as dislocations) created during plastic deformation. The material reduces its overall energy by forming new, strain-free grains. (b) The driving force for grain growth is the reduction of total grain boundary energy of the material. As grains grow in size, they eliminate grain boundaries, and reduce the overall grain boundary area, leading to a reduction in the material's total free energy.

Step by step solution

01

(a) Driving Force for Recrystallization

Recrystallization is a process that occurs in materials, where the microstructure of a previously deformed material is replaced by a new, strain-free microstructure, which has a lower energy state. The driving force for recrystallization is the stored energy due to the presence of defects (such as dislocations) created during plastic deformation. By undergoing recrystallization, the material reduces its overall energy, which results in the formation of new, strain-free grains.
02

(b) Driving Force for Grain Growth

Grain growth is a thermally activated process in which the grains of a material grow in size by consuming neighboring grains with high-angle grain boundaries. The driving force for grain growth is the reduction of the total grain boundary energy of the material. As grains grow in size, they eliminate grain boundaries and reduce the overall grain boundary area, which results in a reduction of the material's total free energy. This leads to the material reaching a lower energy state, thus driving the grain growth process.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A single crystal of zinc is oriented for a tensile test such that its slip plane normal makes an angle of \(65^{\circ}\) with the tensile axis. Three possible slip directions make angles of \(30^{\circ}, 48^{\circ}\), and \(78^{\circ}\) with the same tensile axis. (a) Which of these three slip directions is most favored? (b) If plastic deformation begins at a tensile stress of \(2.5 \mathrm{MPa}\) (355 psi), determine the critical resolved shear stress for zinc.

Experimentally, it has been observed for single crystals of a number of metals that the critical resolved shear stress \(\tau_{\text {crss }}\) is a function of the dislocation density \(\rho_{D}\) as $$ \tau_{\mathrm{crss}}=\tau_{0}+A \sqrt{\rho_{D}} $$ where \(\tau_{0}\) and \(A\) are constants. For copper, the critical resolved shear stress is \(0.69 \mathrm{MPa}\) (100 psi) at a dislocation density of \(10^{4} \mathrm{~mm}^{-2}\). If it is known that the value of \(\tau_{0}\) for copper is \(0.069 \mathrm{MPa}\) (10 psi), compute \(\tau_{\text {crss }}\) at a dislocation density of \(10^{6} \mathrm{~mm}^{-2}\).

A cylindrical specimen of steel having a diameter of \(15.2 \mathrm{~mm}(0.60\) in.) and length of 250 \(\mathrm{mm}(10.0 \mathrm{in} .)\) is deformed elastically in tension with a force of \(48,900 \mathrm{~N}\left(11,000 \mathrm{lb}_{e}\right)\). Using the data contained in Table \(6.1\), determine the following: (a) The amount by which this specimen will elongate in the direction of the applied stress. (b) The change in diameter of the specimen. Will the diameter increase or decrease?

Briefly cite the differences between the recovery and recrystallization processes.

For each of edge, screw, and mixed dislocations, cite the relationship between the direction of the applied shear stress and the direction of dislocation line motion.
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