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Chapter 8: Problem 27

Cite five factors that may lead to scatter in fatigue life data.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: The five factors that can lead to scatter in fatigue life data are: 1) Material properties, 2) Manufacturing process, 3) Testing methods and equipment, 4) Loading conditions, and 5) Environmental conditions.

Step by step solution

01

Factor 1: Material Properties

Material properties, such as grain size, inclusions, defects, or microstructure, can have a significant impact on the fatigue life data. These properties are rarely consistent from one sample to another, and variations can lead to discrepancies in the fatigue life data.
02

Factor 2: Manufacturing Process

The manufacturing process of the material being tested can also lead to scatter in the fatigue life data. The process may result in inconsistent material properties or introduce stresses that can affect the fatigue life differently.
03

Factor 3: Testing Methods and Equipment

Differences in testing methods and equipment used for conducting fatigue tests can result in scatter in fatigue life data. Slight variations in machines, equipment calibration, and load application can lead to different results even when testing the same material.
04

Factor 4: Loading Conditions

Variations in loading conditions, such as the type of load (tension, compression, or shear) and loading frequency, can also contribute to the scatter of fatigue life data. Material may fatigue more quickly under one type of load compared to another, and different loading frequencies may influence the fatigue life as well.
05

Factor 5: Environmental Conditions

Environmental conditions during the testing process can impact the fatigue life data. Factors such as temperature, humidity, the presence of corrosive substances, and irradiation can all affect how a material fatigues and, as a result, can lead to scatter in the fatigue life data.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Briefly explain the difference between fatigue striations and beachmarks in terms of (a) size and (b) origin.

The following creep data were taken on an aluminum alloy at \(480^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\left(900^{\circ} \mathrm{F}\right)\) and a constant stress of \(2.75 \mathrm{MPa}\) (400 psi). Plot the data as strain versus time, then determine the steady-state or minimum creep rate. Note: The initial and instantaneous strain is not included. $$ \begin{array}{cccc} \hline \text { Time } \text { (min) } & \text { Strain } & \text { Time } \text { (min) } & \text { Strain } \\ \hline 0 & 0.00 & 18 & 0.82 \\ \hline 2 & 0.22 & 20 & 0.88 \\ \hline 4 & 0.34 & 22 & 0.95 \\ \hline 6 & 0.41 & 24 & 1.03 \\ \hline 8 & 0.48 & 26 & 1.12 \\ \hline 10 & 0.55 & 28 & 1.22 \\ \hline 12 & 0.62 & 30 & 1.36 \\ \hline 14 & 0.68 & 32 & 1.53 \\ \hline 16 & 0.75 & 34 & 1.77 \\ \hline \end{array} $$

A cylindrical component constructed from an S-590 alloy (Figure 8.31) has a diameter of \(14.5 \mathrm{~mm}\) (0.57 in.). Determine the maximum load that may be applied for it to survive \(10 \mathrm{~h}\) at \(925^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\left(1700^{\circ} \mathrm{F}\right)\).

Steady-state creep data taken for an iron at a stress level of \(140 \mathrm{MPa}(20,000 \mathrm{psi})\) are given here: $$ \begin{array}{cc} \hline \dot{\boldsymbol{\epsilon}}_{s}\left(\boldsymbol{h}^{-\mathbf{1}}\right) & \boldsymbol{T}(\boldsymbol{K}) \\ \hline 6.6 \times 10^{-4} & 1090 \\ \hline 8.8 \times 10^{-2} & 1200 \\ \hline \end{array} $$ If it is known that the value of the stress exponent \(n\) for this alloy is \(8.5\), compute the steady-state creep rate at \(1300 \mathrm{~K}\) and a stress level of \(83 \mathrm{MPa}\) \((12,000 \mathrm{psi}) .\)

What is the maximum carbon content possible for a plain carbon steel that must have an impact energy of at least \(200 \mathrm{~J}\) at \(-50^{\circ} \mathrm{C} ?\)
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