Chapter 15: Q15P (page 750)
Use Problem to find in Problem.
Short Answer
The required value is .
Chapter 15: Q15P (page 750)
Use Problem to find in Problem.
The required value is .
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Get started for freeAs in Problem , show that the expected number of in n tosses of a die is .
Suppose it is known that 1% of the population have a certain kind of cancer. It is also known that a test for this kind of cancer is positive in 99% of the people who have it but is also positive in 2% of the people who do not have it. What is the probability that a person who tests positive has cancer of this type?
(a) Set up a sample space for the 5 black and 10 white balls in a box discussed above assuming the first ball is not replaced. Suggestions: Number the balls, say 1 to 5 for black and 6 to 15 for white. Then the sample points form an array something like (2.4), but the point 3,3 for example is not allowed. (Why?
What other points are not allowed?) You might find it helpful to write the
numbers for black balls and the numbers for white balls in different colors.
(b) Let A be the event “first ball is white” and B be the event “second ball is
black.” Circle the region of your sample space containing points favorable to
A and mark this region A. Similarly, circle and mark region B. Count the
number of sample points in A and in B; these are and . The region
AB is the region inside both A and B; the number of points in this region is
. Use the numbers you have found to verify (3.2) and (3.1). Also find
and and verify (3.3) numerically.
(c) Use Figure 3.1 and the ideas of part (b) to prove (3.3) in general.
Question: Use both the sample space (2.4) and the sample space (2.5) to answer the following questions about a toss of two dice.
(a) What is the probability that the sum is ≥ 4?
(b) What is the probability that the sum is even?
(c) What is the probability that the sum is divisible by 3?
(d) If the sum is odd, what is the probability that it is equal to 7?
(e) What is the probability that the product of the numbers on the two dice is 12?
Set up several non-uniform sample spaces for the problem of three tosses of a coin
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