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Chapter 10: Q10Q (page 410)
What is it about analyzing collisions in the center-of-mass frame that simplifies the calculations?
The velocity of the system does not change while analyzing collisions in the center of the mass frame which also simplifies the calculation.
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What properties of the alpha particle and the gold nucleus in the original Rutherford experiment were responsible for the collisions being elastic collisions?
A ball whose mass is 0.2kg hits the floor with a speed of 8 m/s and rebounds upward with a speed of 7m/s. The ball was in contact with the floor for.
(a) What was the average magnitude of the force exerted on the ball by the floor? (b) Calculate the magnitude of the gravitational force that the Earth exerts on the ball.
(c) In a collision, for a brief time there are forces between the colliding objects that are much greater than external forces. Compare the magnitudes of the forces found in parts (a) and (b).
What happens to the velocities of the two objects when a high-mass object hits a low-mass object head-on? When a low-mass object hits a high-mass object head-on?
Two asteroids in outer space collide and stick together. The mass of each asteroid, and the velocity of each asteroid before the impact, are known. To find the momentum of the stuck-together asteroids after the impact, what approach would be useful? (1) Use the Energy Principle. (2) Use the Momentum Principle. (3) It depends on whether or not the speed of the asteroids was near the speed of light. (4) Use the relationship among velocity, displacement, and time. (5) It depends on whether the collision was elastic or inelastic.
A Fe-57 nucleus is at rest and in its first excited state, 14.4 keV above the ground state (14.4 × 103 eV, where 1 eV = 1.6×10−19 J). The nucleus then decays to the ground state with the emission of a gamma ray (a high-energy photon). (a) Wthe recoil speed of the nucleus? (b) Calculate the slight difference in eV between the gamma-ray energy and the 14.4 keV difference between the initial and final nuclear states. (c) The “Mössbauer effect” is the name given to a related phenomenon discovered by Rudolf Mössbauer in 1957, for which he received the 1961 Nobel Prize for physics. If the Fe-57 nucleus is in a solid block of iron, occasionally when the nucleus emits a gamma ray the entire solid recoils as one object. This can happen due to the fact that neighbouring atoms and nuclei are connected by the electric interatomic force. In this case, repeat the calculation of part (a) and compare with your previous result. Explain briefly
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