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Chapter 10: Q.11Q (page 410)
In order to close a door, you throw an object at the door. Which would be more effective in closing the door, a 50g tennis ball or a 50g lump of sticky clay? Explain clearly what physics principles you used to draw your conclusion.
Tennis ball would be more effective.
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We can use our results for head-on elastic collisions to analyze the recoil of the Earth when a ball bounces off a wall embedded in the Earth. Suppose that a professional baseball pitcher hurts a baseballwith a speed ofrole="math" localid="1668602437434" at a wall that is securely anchored to the Earth, and the ball bounces back with little loss of kinetic energy.
(a) What is the approximate recoil speed of the Earth?
(b) Calculate the approximate recoil kinetic energy of the Earth and compare it to the kinetic energy of the baseball.
The Earth gets lots of momentum (twice the momentum of the baseball) but very little kinetic energy.
What happens to the velocities of the two objects when a high-mass object hits a low-mass object head-on? When a low-mass object hits a high-mass object head-on?
You know that a collision must be “elastic” if: (1) The colliding objects stick together. (2) The colliding objects are stretchy or squishy. (3) The sum of the final kinetic energies equals the sum of the initial kinetic energies. (4) There is no change in the internal energies of the objects (thermal energy, vibrational energy, etc.). (5) The momentum of the two-object system doesn’t change.
Two asteroids in outer space collide and stick together. The mass of each asteroid, and the velocity of each asteroid before the impact, are known. To find the momentum of the stuck-together asteroids after the impact, what approach would be useful? (1) Use the Energy Principle. (2) Use the Momentum Principle. (3) It depends on whether or not the speed of the asteroids was near the speed of light. (4) Use the relationship among velocity, displacement, and time. (5) It depends on whether the collision was elastic or inelastic.
In a nuclear fission reactor, each fission of a uranium nucleus is accompanied by the emission of one or more high-speed neutrons, which travel through the surrounding material. If one of theneutrons is captured in another uranium nucleus, it can trigger fission, which produces more fast neutrons, which could make possible a chain reaction
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