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Chapter 10: Q8Q (page 410)
What properties of the alpha particle and the gold nucleus in the original Rutherford experiment were responsible for the collisions being elastic collisions?
The property that both the nuclei remained in their ground states
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A spring has an unstretched length of 0.32 m. a block with mass 0.2 kg is hung at rest from the spring, and the spring becomes 0.4 mlong.Next the spring is stretched to a length of 0.43 mand the block is released from rest. Air resistance is negligible.
(a) How long does it take for the block to return to where it was released? (b) Next the block is again positioned at rest, hanging from the spring (0.4 m long) as shown in Figure 10.43. A bullet of mass 0.003 kg traveling at a speed of 200 m/s straight upward buries itself in the block, which then reaches a maximum height above its original position. What is the speed of the block immediately after the bullet hits? (c) Now write an equation that could be used to determine how high the block goes after being hit by the bullet (a height h), but you need not actually solve for h.
A projectile of massmoving with speed in the +xdirection strikes a stationary target of masshead-on. The collision is elastic. Use the Momentum Principle and the Energy Principle to determine the final velocities of the projectile and target, making no approximations concerning the masses. After obtaining your results, see what your equations would predict if, or if. Verify that these predictions are in agreement with the analysis in this chapter of the Ping-Pong ball hitting the bowling ball, and of the bowling ball hitting the Ping-Pong ball.
In an elastic collision involving known masses and initial momenta, how many unknown quantities are there after the collision? How many equations are there? In a sticking collision involving known masses and initial momenta, how many unknown quantities are there after the collision? Explain how you can determine the amount of kinetic energy change.
It has been proposed to propel spacecraft through the Solar System with a large sail that is struck by photons from the Sun.
(a). Which would be more effective, a black sail that absorbs photons or a shiny sail that reflects photons back toward the Sun? Explain briefly
(b). Suppose thatphotons hit a shiny sail per second, perpendicular to the sail. Each photon has energy. What is the force on the sail? Explain briefly
Object has mass and initial momentum, just before it strikes object B , which has mass . Object B has initial momentum . After the collision, object A is observed to have final momentum . In the following questions, “initial” refers to values before the collisions, and “final” refers to values after the collision. Consider a system consisting of both objects and . Calculate the following quantities: (a) The total initial momentum of this system. (b) The final momentum of object B. (c) The initial kinetic energy of object A. (d) The initial kinetic energy of object B. (e) The final kinetic energy of object A. (f) The final kinetic energy of object B. (g) The total initial kinetic energy of the system. (h) The total final kinetic energy of the system. (i) The increase of internal energy of the two objects. (j) What assumption did you make about Q (energy flow from surroundings into the system due to a temperature difference)?
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