Learning Materials
Features
Discover
Chapter 18: Q1Q (page 755)
What is the most important general difference between a system in steady state and a system in equilibrium?
In steady state the charges inside the conductor are in motion but in equilibrium there are no charges inside the conductor.
Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with Vaia!
All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.
Get started for free
Question:In figure 18.102 suppose that VC-VF=8 V and VD-VE=4.5 V.
(a) What is the potential difference VC-VD?
(b) If the element between the battery C and D is a battery, is the + end of the battery at C or D?
The drift speed in a copper wire is for a typical electron current. Calculate the magnitude of the electric field inside the copper wire. The mobility of mobile electrons in copper is . (Note that though the electric field in the wire is very small, it is adequate to push a sizable electron current through the copper wire.)
In the circuit shown in Figure 18.91, all of the wire is made of Nichrome, but one segment has a much smaller cross-sectional area. On a copy of this diagram, using the same scale for magnitude that you used in the previous question for Figure 18.90, show the steady-state electric field at the locations indicated, including in the thinner segment. Before attempting to answer these questions, draw a copy of this diagram. All of the locations indicated by letters are inside the wire.
(a)On your diagram, show the electric field at the locations indicated, paying attention to relative magnitude. Use the same scale for magnitude as you did in the previous question.
(b)Carefully draw pluses and minuses on your diagram to show the approximate surface charge distribution that produces the electric field you drew. Make your drawing show clearly the differences between regions of high surface charge density and regions of low surface-charge density. Use your diagram to determine which of the following statements about this circuit are true.
(1) There is a large gradient of surface charge on the wire between locations Cand E. (2) The electron current is the same at every location in this circuit.
(3) Fewer electrons per second pass location Ethan location C.
(4) The magnitude of the electric field at location Gis smaller in this circuit than it
was in the previous circuit (Figure 18.90).
(5) The magnitude of the electric field is the same at every location in this circuit.
(6) The magnitude of the electric field at location D is larger than the magnitude of the electric field at location G.
(7) There is no surface charge at all on the wire near location G.
(8) The electron current in this circuit is less than the electron current in the previous circuit (Figure 18.90).
When a single thick-filament bulb of a particular kind and two batteries are connected in series, 18 electrons pass through the bulb every second. When two batteries in series are connected to a single thin-filament bulb, with a filament made of the same material and length as the thick-filament bulb but a smaller cross-section, only 18 electrons pass through the bulb every second. (a) In the circuit shown in Figure 18.109, how many electrons per second flow through the thin-filament bulb? (b) What approximations or simplifying assumptions did you make? (c) Show approximately the surface charge on a diagram of the circuit.
What is the most important general difference between a system in steady state and a system in equilibrium?
What do you think about this solution?
We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.
Explanations 
Textbooks 
Exams 
GCSE 
IGCSE 
AS 
A Level 
International A Level 
University Admissions Tests 
Flashcards 
Vaia AI 
Notes 
Study Plans 
Study Sets 
Find a job 
Find a degree 
Student Deals 
Magazine 
Mobile App