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Chapter 18: Q41P (page 759)
Question:In figure 18.102 suppose that VC-VF=8 V and VD-VE=4.5 V.
(a) What is the potential difference VC-VD?
(b) If the element between the battery C and D is a battery, is the + end of the battery at C or D?
The potential difference between C and D is 3.5V.
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What would be the potential difference across the thin resistor in Figure 18.103 if the battery emf is ? Assume that the electric field in the thick wires is very small (so that the potential differences along the thick wires are negligible). Do you have enough information to determine the current in the circuit?
State your own theoretical and experimental objections to the following statement: In a circuit with two thick-filament bulbs in series, the bulb farther from the negative terminal of the battery will be dimmer, because some of the electron current is used up in the first bulb. Cite relevant experiments.
Suppose that wire A and wire B are made of different metals and are subjected to the same electric field in two different circuits. Wire B has the 6 times the cross sectional area, 1.3 times as many mobile electrons per cubic centimetre and 4 times the mobility of wire A. In the steady state \({\bf{2 \times 1}}{{\bf{0}}^{{\bf{18}}}}\) electrons enters wire A every second. How many electrons enter wire B every second?
Question: The following questions refer to the circuit shown in Figure 18.114, consisting of two flashlight batteries and two Nichrome wires of different lengths and different thicknesses as shown (corresponding roughly to your own thick and thin Nichrome wires).
The thin wire is 50 cm long, and its diameter is 0.25 mm. The thick wire is 15 cm long, and its diameter is 0.35 mm. (a) The emf of each flashlight battery is 1.5 V. Determine the steady-state electric field inside each Nichrome wire. Remember that in the steady state you must satisfy both the current node rule and energy conservation. These two principles give you two equations for the two unknown fields. (b) The electron mobility
in room-temperature Nichrome is about . Show that it takes an electron 36 min to drift through the two Nichrome wires from location B to location A. (c) On the other hand, about how long did it take to establish the steady state when the circuit was first assembled? Give a very approximate numerical answer, not a precise one. (d) There are about
mobile electrons per cubic meter in Nichrome. How many electrons cross the junction between the two wires every second?
A Nichrome wire 48 cm long and 0.25 mm in diameter is connected to a 1.6 V flashlight battery. What is the electric field inside the wire? Why you don’t have to know how the wire is bent? How would your answer change if the wire diameter change were 0.20 mm? (Not that the electric field in the wire is quiet small compared to the electric field near a charged tape.)
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