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Chapter 18: Q41P (page 759)
Question:In figure 18.102 suppose that VC-VF=8 V and VD-VE=4.5 V.
(a) What is the potential difference VC-VD?
(b) If the element between the battery C and D is a battery, is the + end of the battery at C or D?
The potential difference between C and D is 3.5V.
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Describe the following attributes of a metal wire in steady
state vs. equilibrium:
Metal Wire | Steady-state | Equilibrium |
Location of excess charge | ||
Motion of mobile electrons | ||
inside the metal wire |
At a typical drift speed of , an electron traveling at that speed would take about to travel through one of your connecting wires. Why, then, does the bulb light immediately when the connecting wire is attached to the battery?
Question: Some students intended to run a light bulb off two batteries in series in the usual way, but they accidentally hooked up one of the batteries backwards, as shown in Figure 18.89 (the bulb is shown as a thin filament).
(a)Use+’s and -’s to show the approximate steady-state charge distribution along the wires and bulb.
(b)Draw vectors for the electric field at the indicated locations inside the connecting wires and bulb.
(c)Compare the brightness of the bulb in this circuit with the brightness the bulb would have had if one of the batteries hadn’t been put in backwards.
(d)Try the experiment to check your analysis. Does the bulb glow about as you predicted?
The circuit shown in Figure 18.107 consists of a single battery, whose emf is , and three wires made of the same material but having different cross-sectional areas. Each thick wire has a cross-sectional area and is long. The thin wire has a cross-sectional area and is long. In this metal, the electron mobility is , and there are mobile electrons/m3.
(a) Which of the following statements about the circuit in the steady state are true? (1) At location B, the electric field points toward the top of the page. (2) The magnitude of the electric field at locations F and C is the same. (3) The magnitude of the electric field at locations D and F is the same. (4) The electron current at location D is the same as the electron current at location F . (b) Write a correct energy conservation (loop) equation for this circuit, following a path that starts at the negative end of the battery and goes counterclockwise. (c) Write this circuit's correct charge conservation (node) equation. (d) Use the appropriate equation(s), plus the equation relating electron current to electric field, to solve for the magnitudes EDand EF of the electric field at locations D and F . (e) Use the appropriate equation(s) to calculate the electron current at location D in the steady state.
In a table like the one shown, write an inequality comparing each quantity in the steady state for a narrow resistor and thick connecting wires, which are made of the same material as the resistor.
Electron current in resistor | <,=, or > | Electron current in Thick Wires |
nR | nw | |
AR | Aw | |
uR | uw | |
ER | Ew | |
vR | vw |
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