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Chapter 14: Q11Q (page 578)

Make a table showing the major differences in the electric properties of plastic, salt water, and copper. Include diagrams showing polarization by an external charge.

Short Answer

Expert verified

Out of the three elements, plastic has very low conductivity, it is considered a good insulator, and copper has higher conductivity, it is an excellent conductor and is used in electrical installations. Salt water has a low conductivity, it is a bad conductor.

Step by step solution

01

Concept/Significance of polarization

The polarisation is defined as the dipole moment per unit volume, and it is a vector quantity. Still, induction is only a phenomenon in which charges get polarised in the opposite direction.

02

Determination of the major differences in the electric properties of plastic, salt water, and copper

Material

Electric property

Conductivity

Electric use

copper

τ=59.6s/m

Excellent conductor

Salt water

τ=5s/m

Bad conductor

Plastic

τ=10-13s/m

Insulator

The behavior of the plastic and water molecules are shown in the figure above and in the case of copper, the polarity of free electrons is higher that has this material is observed.

Thus, out of the three elements, Plastic has very low conductivity, it is considered a good insulator, and copper has higher conductivity, it is an excellent conductor and is used in electrical installations. Salt water has a low conductivity, it is a bad conductor.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

If the distance between a neutral atom and a point charge is tripled, by what factor does the force on the atom by the point charge change? Express your answer as a ratio: new force/original force.

Which observation provides evidence that two objects have the same sign charge? (a) The two objects repel each other. (b) The two objects attract each other. (c) The two objects do not interact at all. (d) The strength of the interaction between the two objects depends on distance.

This question focuses on reasoning about equilibrium inside the nickel block shown in Figure 14.92. Start with these premises:

  • The definition of equilibrium inside a conductor and
  • The relationship between average drift speed and electric field

in a conductor to reason about which situations are possibleinside the nickel block at equilibrium. Some of the situations listed below are possible, some are ruled out by one premise, and some are ruled out by two premises. If a situation is ruled out by two premises, choose both.

Case 1:\({\bf{\bar v = 0}}\)and \({{\bf{E}}_{{\bf{net}}}}{\bf{ = 0}}\) (1) Possible, (2) Not possible by definition of equilibrium, (3) Not possible because \({\bf{\bar v = u}}{{\bf{E}}_{{\bf{net}}}}\)

Case 2:\({\bf{\bar v = 0}}\)and \({{\bf{E}}_{{\bf{net}}}}{\bf{ > 0}}\) (1) Possible, (2) Not possible by definition of equilibrium, (3) Not possible because \({\bf{\bar v = u}}{{\bf{E}}_{{\bf{net}}}}\)

Case 3:\({\bf{\bar v > 0}}\)and \({{\bf{E}}_{{\bf{net}}}}{\bf{ = 0}}\) (1) Possible, (2) Not possible by definition of equilibrium, (3) Not possible because \({\bf{\bar v = u}}{{\bf{E}}_{{\bf{net}}}}\)

Case 4:\({\bf{\bar v > 0}}\)and \({{\bf{E}}_{{\bf{net}}}}{\bf{ > 0}}\) (1) Possible, (2) Not possible by definition of equilibrium, (3) Not possible because \({\bf{\bar v = u}}{{\bf{E}}_{{\bf{net}}}}\)

Now that you have considered each case, in equilibrium, which one is the only situation that is physically possible? (1) Case 1, (2) Case 2, (3) Case 3, (4) Case 4

A student asked, "Since the positive nucleus of the atom is hidden inside a negative electron cloud, why doesn't all matter appear to be negatively charged?" Explain to the student the flaw in this reasoning.

Criticize the following statement: “A positive charge attracts neutral plastic by polarizing the molecules and then attracting the negative side of the molecules.” (“Criticize” means to explain why the given statement is inadequate or incorrect, as well as to correct it.)
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