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Chapter 14: Q22Q (page 580)

You have three metal blocks marked A, B, and C, sitting on insulating stands. Block A is charged, but blocks B and C are neutral (Figure 14.76).

Without using any additional equipment and without altering the amount of charge on block A, explain how you could make block B be chargedand block C be charged. Explain your procedure in detail, including diagrams of the charge distributions at each step in the process.

Short Answer

Expert verified

Block A goes to block C and it also polarizes block C. The electrons orient towards block A and also the positive charges which go towards block B.

The electrons from block B jump to block C which eventually creates an electron deficit inside block B. Block remains positively charged and makes block C negatively charged.

Step by step solution

01

Identification of the given data

The given data can be listed below as:

  • The charge of the block A is positive.
  • The charge of the block B is neutral.
  • The charge of the block C is neutral.
02

Significance of the polarization

The polarization happens when the electric fields distort the electric cloud that is negative around the positive atoms of nucleons in the opposite direction of that field.

03

Explanation of the procedures

The diagrams to explain the procedures in detail has been drawn in three steps:

As block C and B were neutral in step 1, then block A goes to block C and it also polarizes block C in step 2. Hence, the electrons orient toward block A and also the positive charges go towards block B. Hence, these charges create the same effect in block B.

The electrons from block B jump to block C which eventually creates an electron deficit inside block B. Hence, block B remains positively charged and makes block C negatively charged.

Thus, block A goes to block C and it also polarizes block C. The electrons orient towards block A and also the positive charges which go towards block B.

The electrons from block B jump to block C which eventually creates an electron deficit inside block B. Block B remains positively charged and makes block C negatively charged.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Which statements about a neutral atom are correct? Select all that apply. (1) A neutral atom is composed of positively and negatively charged particles. (2) The positively charged particles in the nucleus are positrons. (3) The electrons are attracted to the positively charged nucleus. (4) Positively charged protons are located in the tiny, massive nucleus. (5) The radius of the electron cloud is twice as large as the radius of the nucleus. (6) The negatively charged electrons are spread out in a "cloud" around the nucleus.

: A thin, hollow spherical plastic shell of radius \({\bf{R}}\)carries a uniformly distributed negative charge \({\bf{ - Q}}\). A slice through the plastic shell is shown in Figure 14.95. To the left of the spherical shell are four charges packed closely together as shown (the distance \({\bf{s}}\) is shown greatly enlarged for clarity). The distance from the center of the four charges to the center of the plastic shell is \({\bf{L}}\) , which is much larger than \({\bf{s}}\left( {{\bf{L}} \gg {\bf{s}}} \right)\). Remember that a uniformly charged sphere makes an electric field as though all the charge were concentrated at the center of the sphere.

(a)Calculate the \({\bf{x}}\) and \({\bf{y}}\) components of the electric field at location B, a distance \({\bf{b}}\) to the right of the outer surface of the plastic shell. Explain briefly, including showing the electric field on a diagram. Your results should not contain any symbols other than the given quantities \({\bf{R,Q,q,s,L}}\), and \({\bf{b}}\)(and fundamental constants). You need not simplify the final algebraic results except for taking into account the fact that \({\bf{L}} \gg {\bf{s}}\).

(b)What simplifying assumption did you have to make in part (a)?

(c)The plastic shell is removed and replaced by an uncharged metal ball, as in Figure 14.96. At location Ainside the metal ball, a distance \({\bf{b}}\)to the left of the outer surface of the ball, accurately draw and label the electric field\({{\bf{\vec E}}_{{\bf{ball}}}}\) due to the ball charges and the electric field \({{\bf{\vec E}}_{\bf{4}}}\) of the four charges. Explain briefly.

(d)Show the distribution of ball charges.

(e)Calculate the \({\bf{x}}\) and \({\bf{y}}\) components of the net electric field at location A.

A large positive charge pulls on a distant electron. How does the net force on the electron change if a slab of glass is inserted between the large positive charge and the electron? Does the net force get bigger, smaller, or stay the same? Explain, using only labeled diagrams. (Be sure to show all the forces on the electron before determining the net force on the electron, not just the force exerted by the large positive charge. Remember that the part of the net force on the electron contributed by the large positive charge does not change when the glass is inserted: the electric interaction extends through matter.)

You place a neutral block of nickel near a small glass sphere that has a charge of 2×10-8Cuniformly distributed over its surface, as shown in Figure 14.92.


(a) About how long do you have to wait to make sure that the mobile electron sea inside the nickel block has reached equilibrium? (1) Less than a nanosecond (1×10-9s), (2) Several hours, (3) About 1s, (4) About 10min(b) In equilibrium, what is the average drift speed of the mobile electrons inside the nickel block? (1) About 1×105m/s, (2) About 1×10-5m/s, (3) 0m/s(c) In the equation v¯=uE, what is the meaning of the symbol u? (1) The density of mobile electrons inside the metal, in localid="1657175774793" electrons/m3, (2) The mobility of an electron inside the metal, in m/s/N/C, (3) The time it takes a block of metal to reach equilibrium, in seconds

A student said, “When you touch a charged piece of metal, the metal is no longer charged: all the charge on the metal is neutralized.” As a practical matter, this is nearly correct, but it Isn’t exactly right. What’s wrong with saying that all the charge on the metal is neutralized?
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