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Chapter 14: Q47P (page 583)

A negatively charged iron block is placed in a region where there is an electric field downward (in the Y − direction) due to charges not shown. Which of the diagrams (a–f) in Figure 14.88 best describes the charge distribution in and/or on the iron block?

Short Answer

Expert verified

Diagram (b) best describes the charge distribution in and on the iron block

Step by step solution

01

Significance of the law of attraction

The law of attraction states that positive charges attract negative charges and the negative charges attract positive charges.

The concept of the law of attraction describes the charge distribution inside the iron block.

02

Determination of the charge distribution in and on the iron block

As the iron block is previously charged negative and the net electric field is in the downward direction, that is in the y -direction, then it is evident that the positive charges will move in the direction of the electric field and the negative charges will move opposite to the direction of the electric field.

Diagram (a) shows that the positive charges are upward and the negative charges are downward. This diagram is incorrect as the negative charges will be upward as the electric field is downward.

Diagram (c) shows that all the negative charges are on the iron block. This diagram is incorrect as the positive charges should also be there. Also, the quantity of charge is also not the same.

Diagram (d) shows that all the negative charges are on the iron block. This diagram is incorrect as the positive charges should also be there. Also, the quantity of charge is also not the same.

Diagram (e) shows that all the negative charges are inside the iron block. This diagram is incorrect as the positive charges should also be there.

Diagram (f) shows that all the negative charges are outside the iron block. This diagram is incorrect as the positive charges should also be there.

Diagram (b) shows that the negative charges are upward and the positive charges are downward. This diagram is correct as the negative charges will be upward as the electric field is downward as the positive charges move in the direction of the electric field and the negative charges move opposite of the field.

Thus, diagram (b) best describes the charge distribution in and on the iron block.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The diagrams in Figure 14.98 show a sequence of events involving a small lightweight aluminum ball that is suspended from a cotton thread. In order to get enough information, you will need to read through the entire sequence of events described below before beginning to answer the questions. Before trying to select answers, you will need to draw your own diagrams showing the charge state of each object in each situation. (a) A small, lightweight aluminum ball hangs from a cotton thread. You touch the ball briefly with your fingers, then release it (Diagram 1 in Figure 14.98). Which of the diagrams in Figure 14.99 best shows the distribution of charge in and/or on the ball at this moment, using the diagrammatic conventions discussed in this chapter? (b) A block of metal that is known to be charged is now moved near the ball (Diagram 2 in Figure 14.98). The ball starts to swing toward the block of metal, as shown in Diagram 3 in Figure 14.98. Remember to read through the whole sequence before answering this question: Which of the diagrams in Figure 14.99 best shows the distribution of charge in and/or on the ball at this moment? (c) The ball briefly touches the charged metal block (Diagram 4 in Figure 14.98). Then the ball swings away from the block and hangs motionless at an angle, as shown in Diagram 5 in Figure 14.98. Which of the diagrams in Figure 14.99 best shows the distribution of charge in and/or on the ball at this moment? (d) Finally, the block is moved far away. A negatively charged rod is brought near the ball. The ball is repelled by the charged rod, as shown in Diagram 6 in Figure 14.98. Which of the diagrams in Figure 14.99 best shows the distribution of charge in and/or on the ball at this moment?

Figure 14.69 shows a neutral, solid piece of metal placed near two points charges. Copy this diagram.

(a) On your diagram, show the polarization of the piece of metal.

(b) Then, at location A inside the solid piece of metal, carefully draw and label three vectors: (1) E→1, the electric field due to -q1; (2) E→2, the electric field due to +q2; (3) E→3, the electric field due to all of the charges on the metal.

(c) Explain briefly why you drew the vectors the way you did.

Blocks A and B are identical metal blocks. Initially block A is neutral, and block B has a net charge of5nC.Using insulating handles, the blocks are moved so they touch each other. After touching for a few seconds, the blocks are separated (again using insulating handles). (a) What is the final charge of block A? (b) What happened while the blocks were in contact with each other? (1) Protons moved from block B to block A. (2) Positrons moved from block B to block A. (3) Electrons moved from block A to block B. (4) Both protons and electrons moved. (5) No charged particles moved.

Make a table showing the major differences in the electric properties of plastic, salt water, and copper. Include diagrams showing polarization by an external charge.

Atom Ais easier to polarize than atom B. Which atom, Aor B, would experience a greater attraction to a point charge a distance raway? Explain your reasoning.
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