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Chapter 14: Q61P (page 585)

You run your finger along the slick side of a positively charged tape, and then observe that the tape is no longer attracted to your hand. Which of the following are not plausible explanations for this observation? Check all that apply. (1) Sodium ions (Na+) from the salt water on your skin move onto the tape, leaving the tape with a zero (or very small) net charge. (2) Electrons from the mobile electron sea in your hand move onto the tape, leaving the tape with a zero (or very small) net charge. (3) Chloride ions (CI-) from the salt water on your skin move onto the tape, leaving the tape with a zero (or very small) net charge. (4) Protons are pulled out of the nuclei of atoms in the tape and move onto your finger.

Short Answer

Expert verified

Statement (1) is correct; sodium ions (Na+)from the salt water on your skin move onto the tape, leaving the tape with a zero (or very small) net charge.

Statement (2) is correct; electronsfrom the mobile electron sea in your hand move onto the tape, leaving the tape with a zero (or very small) net charge.

Statement (4) is correct; Protons are pulled out of the nuclei of atoms in the tape and move onto your finger.

Step by step solution

01

Significance of the negative and the positive charges

The negatively charged object reduces the net charge of a positively charged object. It increases the net charge of a negatively charged object because electrons tend to move from one object to another. Still, protons cannot move and require a large amount of energy to move.

The positive and the negative charge concept gives an incorrect plausible explanation for this observation.

02

Determination of the incorrect plausible explanation

Statement (3) is true as the chlorine ion contains a negative charge that eventually works on reducing the net charge of the positively charged tape.

Statement (1) is false as the sodium ions are normally positively charged, that eventually increases the net charge of the positively charged tape.

Statement (2) is false as the hand works as an insulator. Hence fewer mobile charges are there, which is a trait for the conducting materials.

Statement (4) is false as a large amount of energy is required by the protons to get out from the atoms of the tape.

Thus, statements (1), (2), and (4) are not plausible explanations for this observation.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Explain in detail, including diagrams, what happens when a negatively charged tape is brought near your finger.

(a)The positively charged particle shown in diagram 1 in Figure 14.94 creates an electric field \({{\bf{\vec E}}_{\bf{p}}}\) at location A. Which of the arrows (a–j) in Figure 14.94 best indicates the direction of \({{\bf{\vec E}}_{\bf{p}}}\) at location A?

(b)Now a block of metal is placed in the location shown in diagram 2 in Figure 14.94. Which of the arrows (a–j) in Figure 14.94 best indicates the direction of the electric field \({{\bf{\vec E}}_{\bf{m}}}\) at location Adue only to the charges in and/or on the metal block?

(c)\(\left| {{{{\bf{\vec E}}}_{\bf{p}}}} \right|\)is greater than \(\left| {{{{\bf{\vec E}}}_{\bf{m}}}} \right|\). With the metal block still in place, which of the arrows (a–j) in Figure 14.94 best indicates the direction of the net electric field at location A?

(d)With the metal block still in place, which of the following statements about the magnitude of \({{\bf{\vec E}}_{\bf{p}}}\), the field due only to the charged particle, is correct?

(1) \(\left| {{{{\bf{\vec E}}}_{\bf{p}}}} \right|\)is less than it was originally, because the block is in the way.

(2) \(\left| {{{{\bf{\vec E}}}_{\bf{p}}}} \right|\)is the same as it was originally, without the block.

(3) \(\left| {{{{\bf{\vec E}}}_{\bf{p}}}} \right|\)is zero, because the electric field due to the particle can’t go through the block.

(e)With the metal block still in place, how does the magnitude of\({{\bf{\vec E}}_{{\bf{net}}}}\) at location Acompare to the magnitude of \({{\bf{\vec E}}_{\bf{p}}}\)?

(f)Which of the arrows (a–j) in Figure 14.94 best indicates the direction of the net electric field at the center of the metal block (inside the metal)?

If the distance between a neutral atom and a point charge is tripled, by what factor does the force on the atom by the point charge change? Express your answer as a ratio: new force/original force.

9 Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is a liquid whose molecules are symmetrical and so are not permanent dipoles, unlike water molecules. Explain briefly how the effect of an external charge on a beaker of water (H2O) differs from its effect on a beaker of CCl4. (Hint: Consider the behavior of the permanent dipole you made out of U and L tapes.)

Figure 14.69 shows a neutral, solid piece of metal placed near two points charges. Copy this diagram.

(a) On your diagram, show the polarization of the piece of metal.

(b) Then, at location A inside the solid piece of metal, carefully draw and label three vectors: (1) E→1, the electric field due to -q1; (2) E→2, the electric field due to +q2; (3) E→3, the electric field due to all of the charges on the metal.

(c) Explain briefly why you drew the vectors the way you did.
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