Chapter 12: Q4Q (page 507)
Explain why it is a disadvantage for some purposes that the specific heat of all materials decreases a low temperature.
Short Answer
The temperature increases very fast when adding to the specific heat substance.
Chapter 12: Q4Q (page 507)
Explain why it is a disadvantage for some purposes that the specific heat of all materials decreases a low temperature.
The temperature increases very fast when adding to the specific heat substance.
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Consider the exponential function . Evaluate this function for x = 1, 10,000, and 0.01.
Suppose that the entropy of a certain substance (not anEinstein solid) is given by, where ais a constant. Whatis the energy Eas a function of the temperature T?
Consider an object containing 6 one-dimensional oscillators (this object could represent a model of 2 atoms in an Einstein solid). There are 4 quanta of vibrational energy in the object. (a) How many microstates are there, all with the same energy? (b) If you examined a collection of 48,000 objects of this kind, each containing 4 quanta of energy, about how many of these objects would you expect to find in the microstate 000004?
List explicitly all the ways to arrange 2 quanta among 4 one-dimensional oscillators.
In Chapter 4 you determined the stiffness of the interatomic “spring” (chemical bond) between atoms in a block of lead to be 5 N/m, based on the value of Young’s modulus for lead. Since in our model each atom is connected to two springs, each half the length of the interatomic bond, the effective “interatomic spring stiffness” for an oscillator is
4 × 5 N/m = 20 N/m. The mass of one mole of lead is 207 g (0.207 kg). What is the energy, in joules, of one quantum of energy for an atomic oscillator in a block of lead?
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