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Chapter 1: Q17P (page 39)
What is the result of multiplying the vectorby the scalar f, whereand f = 2.0?
The result of the scalar multiplication is .
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A comet travels in an elliptical path around a star, in the direction shown in Figure 1.41. Which arrow best indicates the direction of the comet’s instantaneous velocity vector at each of the numbered locations in the orbit?
What is the velocity of a 3 kg object when its momentum is ?
(a) Which of the following do you see moving with constant velocity? (1) A ship sailing northeast at a speed of 5 meters per second (2) The Moon orbiting the Earth (3) A tennis ball traveling across the court after having been hit by a tennis racket (4) A can of soda sitting on a table (5) A person riding on a Ferris wheel that is turning at a constant rate. (b) In which of the following situations is there observational evidence for significant interaction between two objects? How can you tell? (1) A ball bounces off a wall with no change in speed. (2) A baseball that was hit by a batter flies toward the outfield. (3) A communications satellite orbits the Earth. (4) A space probe travels at constant speed toward a distant star. (5) A charged particle leaves a curving track in a particle detector.
(a) Apply Newton's first law to each of the following situations. In which situations can you conclude that the object is undergoing a net interaction with one or more other objects? (1) A book slides across the table and comes to a stop. (2) A proton in a particle accelerator moves faster and faster. (3) A car travels at constant speed around a circular race track. (4) A spacecraft travels at a constant speed toward a distant star. (5) A hydrogen atom remains at rest in outer space. (b) A spaceship far from all other objects uses its rockets to attain a speed of . The crew then shuts off the power. According to Newton's first law, which of the following statements about the motion of the spaceship after the power is shut off are correct? (Choose all statements that are correct.) (1) The spaceship will move in a straight line. (2) The spaceship will travel on a curving path. (3) The spaceship will enter a circular orbit. (4) The speed of the spaceship will not change. (5) The spaceship will gradually slow down. (6) The spaceship will stop suddenly.
In the periodic table on the inside front cover of this book (or one you find on the internet), for each element there is given the "atomic number," the number of protons or electrons in an atom, and the "atomic mass," which is essentially the number of nucleons, protons plus neutrons, in the nucleus, averaged over the various isotopes of the element, which differ in the number of neutrons. Make a graph of the number of neutrons vs. the number of protons in the elements. You needn't graph every element, just enough to see the trend. What do you observe about the data? (This reflects the need for more neutrons in proton-rich nuclei in order to prevent the electric repulsion of the protons of each other from destroying the nucleus.)
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