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Chapter 2: Q7Q (page 82)

Question:A ball moves in the direction of the arrow labelled in Figure. The ball is struck by a stick that briefly exerts a force on the ball in the direction of the arrow labelled. Which arrow best describes the direction of, the change in the ball's momentum?

Short Answer

Expert verified

Answer

The correct direction of the ball's momentum change ise.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding the action of force applied perpendicularly on a moving object

When a body moves in a specific direction at a specific velocity and an external force acts on it in a perpendicular direction to its motion, the body's speed remains constant but its direction of motion changes.

02

Representation of the situation diagrammatically

  • The body's motion is circular in this case, and the velocity vector is always tangential to the circular path on which it moves.
  • In this example, a force acted on the body in an inward direction, which is responsible for the body's circular trajectory.
  • The direction of velocity change is the same as the direction of momentum change.
  • The force applied by the stick and the ball's initial velocity is depicted in the diagram below as,

03

Representation of an arrow describing the change in ball’s momentum

  • The ball moves in the direction of, whereas the force moves in the direction of.
  • As a result, the direction of acceleration is along, and the change in velocity direction is also along.
  • The direction of change in velocity is the same as the direction of change in momentum, as it is well known. As a result, momentum will flow in the direction of.
  • As a result, the right direction of the ball's momentum change ise.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A carbon resistor is 5 mm long and has a constant cross section of0.2mm2The conductivity of carbon at room temperature is σ=3×104perohm-m.In a circuit its potential at one end of the resistor is 12 V relative to ground, and at the other end the potential is 15 V. Calculate the resistance Rand the current I (b) A thin copper wire in this circuit is 5 mm long and has a constant cross section of 0.2mm2.The conductivity of copper at room temperature is σ=6×107ohm-1m-1.The copper wire is in series with the carbon resistor, with one end connected to the 15 V end of the carbon resistor, and the current you calculated in part (a) runs through the carbon resistor wire. Calculate the resistance Rof the copper wire and the potential Vatendat the other end of the wire.

You can see that for most purposes a thick copper wire in a circuit would have practically a uniform potential. This is because the small drift speed in a thick, high-conductivity copper wire requires only a very small electric field, and the integral of this very small field creates a very small potential difference along the wire.

You observe three carts moving to the left. Cart A moves to the left at nearly constant speed. Cart B moves to the left, gradually speeding up. Cart C moves to the left, gradually slowing down. Which cart or carts, if any, experience a net force to the left?

Question: Because the change of the momentum is equal to the net impulse, the relationship of momentum itself to the net force is somewhat indirect, as can be seen in this question. An object is initially moving in the + x direction with a magnitude of momentum P , with a net force of magnitude F acting on the object in either the + x or - x direction. After a very short time, say whether the magnitude of the momentum increases, decreases, or stays the same in each of the following situations:

a) the net force acts in the + x direction and is F constant.

b) the net force acts in the + x direction and is F increasing.

c) the net force acts in the + x direction and is F decreasing.

d) the net force acts in the - x direction and is F constant.

e) the net force acts in the - x direction and is F increasing.

f) the net force acts in the - x direction and is F decreasing.

A ball of mass 0.4 kg flies through the air at low speed, so that air resistance is negligible.

(a) What is the net force acting on the ball while it is in motion?

(b) Which components of the ball's momentum will be changed by this force?

(c) What happens to the x component of the ball's momentum during its flight?

(d) What happens to the y component of the ball's momentum during its flight?

(e) What happens to the z component of the ball's momentum during its flight?

(f) In this situation, why is it legitimate to use the expression for average y component of velocity, vavg,x=(vix+vfx)2, to update the y component of position?

Consider the three experiments described in Problem 30. Figure 2.58 displays four graphs of Fnet, x, the x component of the net force acting on the cart, vs. time. The graphs start when the cart is at rest, and end when the cart is again at rest. Match the experiment with the graph
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