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Chapter 1: Problem 63

Independent: sunlight, water; Dependent: plant growth. Sunlight and water are the independent variables. Plant growth is dependent on both these factors, making it a dependent variable.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Sunlight and water are independent variables; plant growth is the dependent variable.

Step by step solution

01

Identify Independent Variables

The independent variables are the factors that are changed or controlled in a scientific experiment to test their effects on the dependent variable. In this exercise, the independent variables are sunlight and water.
02

Identify Dependent Variable

The dependent variable is what is being tested and measured in a scientific experiment. It 'depends' on the independent variables. In this exercise, the dependent variable is the plant growth, which is influenced by the amount of sunlight and water.
03

Relationship Between Variables

Understand and explain the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. In this case, plant growth (dependent variable) depends on the amount of sunlight and water (independent variables). The outcome of plant growth will vary based on how much sunlight and water the plant receives.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Independent Variables
Independent variables are the factors you change or control in a scientific experiment. These variables are not influenced by other variables in the experiment. Instead, they are set by the researcher to observe effects on the dependent variables.

In the context of plant growth, consider sunlight and water as independent variables. Here’s why:

  • Sunlight: Sunlight is essential for photosynthesis. The amount of sunlight a plant receives can be adjusted by placing it in different spots with varying sun exposure.
  • Water: Water is crucial for the plant's metabolic processes, including nutrient uptake. By controlling the amount of water given to the plant, you can monitor its impact on plant growth.
By altering these independent variables, researchers can study their effect on the plant's growth, which is dependent on these conditions.
Dependent Variable
The dependent variable is what you measure in an experiment. It's called 'dependent' because changes to it depend on the independent variables.

In the exercise, the dependent variable is plant growth. When we talk about measuring plant growth, we usually refer to various factors:

  • Height of the Plant: This can be measured in centimeters or inches.
  • Number of Leaves: Simply count the number of leaves that have developed.
  • Overall Health and Color: Evaluating the greenness and vitality of the plant.
Plant growth is monitored and recorded while adjusting the levels of sunlight and water, the independent variables. This helps to observe how these changes directly influence the dependent variable, which is the growth of the plant.
Plant Growth
Plant growth is a key focus in numerous scientific studies. It is affected by several factors, particularly the independent variables we choose to control, such as sunlight and water.

For instance, too little water can stunt growth, while too much can lead to root rot. Similarly,
inadequate sunlight can reduce photosynthesis, whereas excessive sunlight might damage plant tissue.

By carefully adjusting sunlight and water, we can:

  • Optimize conditions for maximum growth.
  • Understand the tolerance levels of different plant species.
  • Develop efficient gardening and farming techniques.
Analyzing plant growth in response to these factors helps in improving agricultural productivity and finding sustainable plant-growing practices.

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