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Chapter 2: Problem 110

A scientist places \(10 \mathrm{~mL}\) of water in a test tube and heats it until the liquid boils and escapes as steam. This is an example of which of the following? A. chemical change involving changes of state B. chemical change involving chemical reactions C. physical change involving changes of state D. physical change involving chemical reactions

Short Answer

Expert verified
C. physical change involving changes of state

Step by step solution

01

Understand the Scenario

A scientist heats water until it boils and turns into steam. This involves a change from the liquid state to the gas state.
02

Identify Change Type - Physical or Chemical

Consider whether the change involves forming new substances or if the substance remains the same. If new substances form, it's a chemical change; if the substance remains the same, it's a physical change.
03

Determine the Nature of Water

Water in both liquid and gas (steam) states remains chemically H2O without forming any new substances.
04

Recognize Change of State

The process described involves water changing from liquid to gas, which is a change of state.
05

Eliminate Wrong Options

Chemical changes involve forming new substances. Since no new substance appears, options A and B are incorrect. The change involves a change of state without any new substance forming, so option C is correct and option D is not.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

States of Matter
Matter exists in various states, primarily including solid, liquid, and gas. These states depend on temperature and pressure. For instance:
  • Solids have a fixed shape and volume.
  • Liquids have a definite volume but can change shape to fit their container.
  • Gases have neither a fixed shape nor a fixed volume and expand to fill their container.
When water transitions from liquid to gas, it demonstrates a change in state. This happens due to heating, which provides the energy needed for water molecules to move from a more ordered liquid state to a less ordered gas state. During this physical process, the substance (water) doesn't change its chemical composition; it remains as H2O.
Chemical vs Physical Changes
Understanding whether a change is physical or chemical is crucial.
  • Physical changes: These involve changes in the state or appearance of a substance without changing its chemical composition. Examples include melting, freezing, condensation, and boiling.
  • Chemical changes: These result in the formation of new substances with different properties. Chemical reactions are the hallmark of this type of change.
In the given exercise, the change from liquid water to steam (gas) is a physical change. Heating water causes it to boil and transform into steam, but it remains H2O throughout the process.
Boiling Point
The boiling point is the temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas. For water:
  • At sea level, its boiling point is 100°C (212°F).
  • At higher altitudes, the boiling point decreases due to lower atmospheric pressure.
When water is heated to its boiling point, it gains enough energy for the molecules to overcome intermolecular forces, allowing them to escape as steam. This represents a change of state and is a classic example of a physical change, as no new substances are formed. Thus, the boiling of water aligns with the concept of physical change involving changes of state, not chemical reactions.

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