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Chapter 2: Problem 130

Which of the following substances has a neutral pH? A. lemon juice with a \(\mathrm{pH}\) of 2 B. water with a \(\mathrm{pH}\) of 7 C. soapy water with a \(\mathrm{pH}\) of 12 D. milk with a \(\mathrm{pH}\) of 6

Short Answer

Expert verified
B. water with a \(\text{pH}\) of 7

Step by step solution

01

Understand the pH scale

The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14 and is used to measure how acidic or basic a substance is. A pH of 7 is considered neutral, below 7 is acidic, and above 7 is basic.
02

Evaluate each substance

Check the pH of each substance provided in the options: A. Lemon juice with a pH of 2 is highly acidic. B. Water with a pH of 7 is neutral. C. Soapy water with a pH of 12 is highly basic. D. Milk with a pH of 6 is slightly acidic.
03

Identify the neutral substance

Find the substance with a \(\text{pH}\) of 7, since that indicates neutrality on the pH scale. Option B, water with a \(\text{pH}\) of 7, is the substance that has a neutral pH.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

acidity
Acidity is a crucial concept in chemistry that describes a substance's ability to donate hydrogen ions (H⁺) when dissolved in water. This is commonly measured using the pH scale. Substances with a pH less than 7 are considered acidic.
Some common characteristics of acidic substances include a sour taste and the ability to react with metals and bases. Examples include lemon juice, which has a pH of 2, and vinegar.
Acidity plays a significant role in various biological processes and industrial applications. Understanding how acidic a substance is can help in predicting its reactivity and suitability for different purposes.
neutral substances
Substances with a pH of 7 are considered neutral. This means they are neither acidic nor basic. Pure water is a classic example of a neutral substance.
The importance of neutral substances is evident in daily life and the natural environment. For example, neutral water is essential for drinking and supports various forms of aquatic life.
When testing the pH of different solutions, neutrality can be determined with pH indicators which change color at pH 7, or with pH meters which give a more precise measurement.
basicity
Basicity is the measure of how basic (or alkaline) a substance is. Similar to acidity, it is gauged using the pH scale. Substances with a pH greater than 7 are considered basic, also known as alkaline.
Basic substances have properties opposite to those of acids. They often feel slippery, taste bitter, and can neutralize acids. Common examples include baking soda and soapy water, which has a pH of 12 according to the exercise.
Understanding basicity is vital in various fields such as medicine, where it helps in the formulation of antacids, and agriculture, where soil pH is critical for plant growth.
science education
Science education provides the foundational knowledge needed to understand concepts like acidity, basicity, and neutrality. A robust science education helps students grasp these ideas through hands-on experiments, visual aids, and interactive learning.
To make these concepts more understandable, educators use real-world examples. For instance, lemon juice and its acidic nature help students relate to the pH scale.
Building a solid understanding of the pH scale and its applications can spark curiosity and encourage further exploration into chemistry and related sciences. Effective education strategies can make learning about the pH scale engaging and relevant to everyday life.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A 12.9-g sample of an unknown metal at 26.5° is placed in a Styrofoam cup containing 50 g of water at 88.6°. The water cools down, and the metal warms up until thermal equilibrium is achieved at 87.1°. Assuming all the heat released by the water is absorbed by the metal and that the cup is perfectly insulated, determine the specific heat of the unknown metal. The specific heat of water is 4,186 J/(kg·K). A. 1,401.03 J/(kg·K) B. 401.03 J/(kg·K) C. 4,010.3 J/(kg·K) D. 40,103 J/(kg·K)

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How can aerosol sprays and refrigerator coolants containing CFC contribute to global warming? A. The liquids that are released cause more specific heat to be trapped in the atmosphere. B. The gases that are released directly heat up Earth's surface. C. The liquids that are released cause Earth's atmosphere and surface to heat up. D. The gases that are released cause more specific heat to be trapped in the atmosphere.

In warm, humid weather, people who wear glasses experience a very common effect of phase change while getting off an air-conditioned bus: their glasses suddenly fog up. After a while, the glasses become clear again. Which of the following physical processes are involved in these phenomena? A. condensation followed by evaporation B. condensation followed by fusion C. solidification followed by evaporation D. solidification followed by fusion

What is the mechanical advantage of a lever with an effort arm of \(1 \mathrm{~m}\) and a load arm of \(20 \mathrm{~cm}\) ? A. 5 B. 10 C. 20 D. 100
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