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Chapter 2: Problem 24

Jim was conducting the following experiment: \(\mathrm{He}\) placed a metal pot of water on a stove burner. He turned the stove burner on. After a few minutes, the air above the pot of water became hot. Write the following steps of heat transfer in the correct order in the box below.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Conduction from burner to pot, conduction to water, convection in water, convection to air above.

Step by step solution

01

- Conduction in the Metal Pot

When Jim turns on the stove burner, the heat is transferred from the burner to the metal pot through conduction. Conduction is the process of heat transfer through direct contact. The burner heats the part of the pot that is in direct contact with it.
02

- Conduction in Water

The metal pot, being in contact with the water inside, transfers heat to the water through conduction. The water molecules closest to the pot heat up first due to direct contact with the hot pot.
03

- Convection in Water

As the water at the bottom of the pot heats up, it becomes less dense and rises, while the cooler, denser water at the top sinks. This process continues, creating convection currents that distribute heat throughout the water in the pot.
04

- Convection into the Air Above the Pot

The hot water transfers some of its heat to the air directly above the pot. The warm air, being less dense, rises and is replaced by cooler air, creating convection currents that distribute the heat through the air above the pot.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Conduction
Conduction is a fundamental method of heat transfer. It's the process where heat moves through a material due to direct contact.
When Jim turns on the stove burner, the heat from the burner is transferred to the metal pot through conduction. Metal is a great conductor of heat because its molecules are closely packed and can transfer energy quickly.
The following points summarize conduction in this context:
  • The metallic pot heats up as it directly touches the stove burner.
  • The heat moves from the bottom of the pot upwards.
  • When the water inside the pot touches the heated metal, it receives the heat via conduction.
Conduction continues until there is a uniform temperature distribution or until it encounters a different heat transfer process.
Convection
Convection occurs when heat is transferred through a fluid (which can be a liquid or gas). This transfer is due to the movement of the fluid itself rather than through direct contact.
For Jim's experiment, here's how convection plays a role:
  • Once the water at the bottom of the pot heats up, it becomes less dense and rises to the top.
  • Cooler water from the top sinks to the bottom to get heated through convection currents.
  • This cycle creates a continuous movement, ensuring an even distribution of temperature within the pot.
Additionally, convection also occurs in the air above the pot. The warm water heats the air directly above it, causing this air to become lighter and rise. Cooler air from the surrounding area takes its place, creating a convective cycle that warms the air above the pot.
Experiment
Conducting experiments, like Jim's, helps us understand the principles of heat transfer practically. By observing the sequence of events, we can deduce how conduction and convection work together.
In a similar scenario:
  • One could use different materials for the pot to observe variations in how quickly heat transfers through conduction.
  • By measuring the temperature at various points in the water, we can map the convection currents formed.
Experiments allow for hands-on learning and a deeper grasp of scientific concepts. They can be fun and highly informative and often lead to new questions and understanding.
Always ensure safety and have the right equipment when handling such experiments involving heat.

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