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Chapter 10: Q16CQ (page 467)
Why does the small current flowing through a reverse biased diode depends much more strongly on temperature than on the applied (reverse) voltage?
The number of minority carriers depends less on the reverse voltage.
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For the four kinds of crystal binding – covalent, ionic, metallic, and molecular- how would the destiny of valence electrons vary throughout the solid? Would it be constant, centered on the atoms, or largest between the atoms? Or would it alternate, with a net charge density positive at one atom and negative at the next?
Sketch an energy-versus-position diagram. Complementary to Figure 10.4, showing valence hole motion a conduction electron participation in an operating pnp transistor.
It is often said that the transistor is a basic element of amplification, yet it supplies no energy of its own. Exactly what is its role in amplification?
Question:In Chapter 4. we learned that the uncertainty principle is a powerful tool. Here we use it to estimate the size of a Cooper pair from its binding energy. Due to their phonon-borne attraction, each electron in a pair (if not the pair's center of mass) has changing momentum and kinetic energy. Simple differentiation will relate uncertainty in kinetic energy to uncertainty in momentum, and a rough numerical measure of the uncertainty in the kinetic energy is the Cooper-pair binding energy. Obtain a rough estimate of the physical extent of the electron's (unknown!) wave function. In addition to the binding energy, you will need to know the Fermi energy. (As noted in Section 10.9, each electron in the pair has an energy of about EF.) Use 10-3 eV and 9.4 eV, respectively, values appropriate for indium.
The diagram shows a bridge rectifier circuit. A sinusoidal input voltage is fed into four identical diodes. each represented by the standard diode circuit symbol. The symbol indicates the direction of conventional current flow through the diode. The plots show input and output voltages versus time. Note that the output voltage is strictly in one direction. Explain
(a) how this circuit produces the unidirectional output voltage it does, and
(b) what features in the output plot indicate that the band gap of the diodes is about half an electronvolt, (It might seem that about one volt is correct, but consider how many diodes are on and in series at any given instant. In fact, although not the usual habit, it might be more accurate to plot the output voltage shifted upward relative to the input.)
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