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Chapter 10: Q22CQ (page 467)

Describe the similarities and differences between Type-I and Type-II superconductors.

Short Answer

Expert verified

Both Type-I and Type-II superconductors relay on formation of cooper pairs and they exhibit isotopic effect.

Step by step solution

01

Definition of superconductors

A substance known as a superconductor is able to conduct electricity or move electrons from one atom to another without encountering any resistance.

02

Step 2:

Both can exclude Magnetic field lines from the super conducting region.

03

Step 3:

Both can destroy the Magnetic field lines if Magnetic field is too high.

For Differences:

04

Step 4:

Type-I superconductors are mostly elements. The critical temperature and the critical Magnetic fields are low.

05

Step 5:

Type-II superconductors are mostly metallic, compounds and alloys. They typically have more higher critical temperature and much stronger critical magnetic field.

Hence, Type-I and Type-II shows both similarities and differences.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Electron affinity is a property specifying the "appetite" of an element for gaining electrons. Elements, such as fluorine and oxygen that lack only one or two electrons to complete shells can achieve a lower energy state by absorbing an external electron. For instance, in uniting an electron with a neutral chlorine atom, completing its n = 3 shell and forming a CI ion, 3.61 eV of energy is liberated. Suppose an electron is detached from a sodium atom, whose ionization energy is 5.14 eV.Then transferred to a (faraway) chlorine atom.

(a) Must energy on balance be put in by an external agent, or is some energy actually liberated? If so How much?

(b) The transfer leaves the sodium with a positive charge and the chlorine with a negative. Energy can now be extracted by allowing these ions to draw close forming a molecule. How close must they approach to recover the energy expended in part (a)?

(c)The actual separation of the atoms in a NaCl molecule is 0.24 nm. How much lower in energy is the molecule than the separated neutral atoms?

What is Cooper pair, and what role does it play in superconductivity?

Question: The photons emitted by an LED arise from the energy given up in electron-hole recombinations across the energy gap. How large should the energy gap be to give photons at the red end of the visible spectrum (700nm) ?

Exercise 29 outlines how energy may be extracted by transferring an electron from an atom that easily loses an electron from an atom that easily loses an electron to one with a large appetite for electrons , then allowing the two to approach , forming an ionic bond.

  1. Consider separately the cases of hydrogen bonding with fluorine and sodium bonding with fluorine in each case , how close must the ions approach to reach “break even” where the energy needed to transfer the electron between the separated atoms is balanced by the electrostatic potential energy of attraction? The ionization energy of hydrogen is 13.6 eV , that of sodium is 5.1 eV , and the electron affinity of fluorine is 3.40 Ev.
  2. Of HF and NaF , one is considered to be an ionic bond and the other a covalent bond . Which is which and Why?

What factors decrease the conductivity of a conductor as temperature increases? Are these factors also present in a Semiconductor, and if so, how can its conductivity vary with temperature in the opposite sense?
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