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Chapter 10: Q70E (page 472)

Sketch an energy-versus-position diagram. Complementary to Figure 10.4, showing valence hole motion a conduction electron participation in an operating pnp transistor.

Short Answer

Expert verified

The following sketch shows the movement of the electrons and holes.

Step by step solution

01

Given data

Electrons have energy.

02

Definition of electron

A subatomic particle with a negative charge is called an electron. It can either be free (not attached to any atoms) or bonded to an atom's nucleus. Atomic electrons are organised into spherical shells with different radii to represent different energy levels.

The energy held within an electron increases with the size of the spherical shell.

03

Draw the Energy versus Position Diagram

The following sketch shows the movement of the electrons and holes.


As we can see, most of the holes float upward and goes to the collector, only a small fraction will combine with electrons in the base and goes back to the emitter input circuit.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The resistivity of the silver is 1.6×10-8 Ω⋅mat room temperature of (300 K), while that of silicon is about10 Ω⋅m

(a) Show that this disparity follows, at least to a rough order of magnitude from the approximate 1 eV band gap in silicon.

(b) What would you expect for the room temperature resistivity of diamond, which has a band gap of about 5 eV.

Question:If electrical conductivity were determined by the mere static presence of positive ions rather than by their motion the collision time would be inversely proportional to the electron's average speed. If however, it were dominated by the motion of the ions, it should be inversely proportional to the “area" presented by a jiggling ion, which is in turn proportional to the square of its amplitude as an oscillator. Argue that only the latter view gives the correct temperature dependence in conductors of σ∝T-1. Use the equipartition theorem (usually covered in introductory thermodynamics and also discussed in Section 9.9).

Question: Referring to equations(10-2), lobe I of the hybrid states combines the spherically symmetric s state with the state that is oriented along thez-axis. and thus sticks out in the direction (see Exercises 28 and 33), If Figure is a true picture, then in a coordinate system rotated counterclockwise about they-axis by the tetrahedral angle, lobe II should become lobe. In the new frame. -values are unaffected. but what had been values in the 2x -plane become values in the -plane. according tox=x'cosα+z'sinα and z'cosα-x'sinα, whereα=109.5o iscos-1(-13) , or .

(a) Show that lobe II becomes lobe I. Note that since neither the 2s state nor the radial part of the p states is affected by a rotation. only the angular parts given in equations (10-1) need be considered.

(b) Show that if lobe II is instead rotated about thez-axis by simply shifting φby±1200 . it becomes lobes III and IV.

Question: The magnetic field at the surface of a long wire radius R and carrying a current I is μ0I2πR . How large acurrent could a 0.1 mm diameter niobium wire carry without exceeding its 0.2 T critical field?

Explain the dependence of conductivity on temperature for conductors and for semiconductors.
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