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Chapter 10: Q8CQ (page 466)
Why should magnesium form a metallic solid?
Magnesium will then solidify into a metallic solid. Hence, magnesium forms a metallic solid.
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Electron affinity is a property specifying the "appetite" of an element for gaining electrons. Elements, such as fluorine and oxygen that lack only one or two electrons to complete shells can achieve a lower energy state by absorbing an external electron. For instance, in uniting an electron with a neutral chlorine atom, completing its n = 3 shell and forming a CI ion, 3.61 eV of energy is liberated. Suppose an electron is detached from a sodium atom, whose ionization energy is 5.14 eV.Then transferred to a (faraway) chlorine atom.
(a) Must energy on balance be put in by an external agent, or is some energy actually liberated? If so How much?
(b) The transfer leaves the sodium with a positive charge and the chlorine with a negative. Energy can now be extracted by allowing these ions to draw close forming a molecule. How close must they approach to recover the energy expended in part (a)?
(c)The actual separation of the atoms in a NaCl molecule is 0.24 nm. How much lower in energy is the molecule than the separated neutral atoms?
The left diagram in FIGURE 10.1 might represent a two atom crystal with two bands. Basing your argument on the kinetic energy inside either individual well, explain why both energies in the lower band should be roughly equal to that of the atomic state and why both energies in the upper should roughly equal that of the atomic state
It takes less energy to dissociate a diatomic fluorine molecule than a diatomic oxygen molecule (in fact, less than one-third as much). Why is it easier to dissociate fluorine?
Section 10.2 discusses - bonds and - bonds for p - states and -bonds for s-states but not - bonds for - states. Why not?
The accompanying diagram shows resistivity (reciprocal of conductivity) data for four solid materials from 77Kto 273K. scaled so that the maximum value plotted for each material is 1. Two are metals, one of which undergoes a transition between ordered and disordered spins in this temperature range. Speculate as to which plots correspond to these two metals and what the other two materials might be. Explain your reasoning.
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