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Chapter 8: Q22CQ (page 339)

Question: Huge tables of characteristic X-rays start at lithium. Why not hydrogen or helium?

Short Answer

Expert verified

Answer

X-rays do not start at hydrogen or helium because all of the electrons are n= 1 electrons.

Step by step solution

01

Definition of electron configuration

In atomic physicsandquantum chemistry, the electron configuration is the distribution ofelectronsof anatomormolecule(or other physical structure) inatomicormolecular orbitals.

02

Calculate electronic configuration for hydrogen and helium

Given that the atomic number of hydrogen is Z (H) =1

The atomic number of helium is Z (He) =2

The electron configuration for hydrogen is 1s1

The electron configuration for helium is 1s2

03

Determine the reason

As we see, all of the electrons of hydrogen/helium are on the n = 1 level and this is the only level (shell) present. In order for the X-rays to be created, there must be a hole where an upper electron will fall which is not the case for hydrogen and helium.

Therefore X-rays do not start at hydrogen or helium because all of the electrons are n= 1 electrons.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Repeat example 8.6 but assume that the upper state is the 2p12rather than the2p32

Consider row 4 of the periodic table. The trend is that the4xsubshell fills. Then the 3d, then the 4p.

(a) Judging by adherence to and deviation from this trend, whit might be said of the energy difference between the 4sand 3drelative to that between the 3dand 4p?

(b) Is this also true of row 5?

(c) Are these observations in qualitative agreement with Figure 8.13? Explain.

Question: Concisely, why is the table periodic?

A beam of identical atoms in their ground state is sent through a Stem-Gerlach apparatus and splits into three lines. Identify possible sets {sT,LT}of their total spin and total orbital angular momentum? Ignore possibilities in which sT is 2 or higher.

The angles between S and μSand between L and μLare 180o. What is the angle between J and μJ in a2p32state of hydrogen?

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