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Chapter 8: Q50E (page 342)

Determine the expected valence of the element with atomic number 117.

Short Answer

Expert verified

The expected valence of the element with atomic number117is +7 or -1.

Step by step solution

01

Given data

The given data is an element with atomic number 117 .

02

Concept of Electronic configuration 

Electronic configuration, also called electronic structure, the arrangement of electrons in energy levels around an atomic nucleus.

03

Determine the element 

The unknown element 117 falls in the column of fluorine, chlorine, etc., in which the elements have a valence of -1.

Accordingly, we expect, by the periodicity of the periodic table that the valence of element 117 to is -1 .

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Question: As the 2p levels fill from Z = 5 to 10 the element's first ionization energies tend to increase. But as the figure below clearly indicates it is slightly easier to remove an electron from Z = 8 oxygen than from Z = 7 nitrogen. What might explain this?

Question: In classical electromagnetism, the simplest magnetic dipole is a circular current loop, which behaves in a magnetic field just as an electric dipole does in an electric field. Both experience torques and thus have orientation energies -p.Eand-μ·B.(a) The designation "orientation energy" can be misleading. Of the four cases shown in Figure 8.4 in which would work have to be done to move the dipole horizontally without reorienting it? Briefly explain. (b) In the magnetic case, using B and u for the magnitudes of the field and the dipole moment, respectively, how much work would be required to move the dipole a distance dx to the left? (c) Having shown that a rate of change of the "orientation energy'' can give a force, now consider equation (8-4). Assuming that B and are general, write-μ·B.in component form. Then, noting thatis not a function of position, take the negative gradient. (d) Now referring to the specific magnetic field pictured in Figure 8.3 which term of your part (c) result can be discarded immediately? (e) Assuming thatandvary periodically at a high rate due to precession about the z-axis what else may be discarded as averaging to 0? (f) Finally, argue that what you have left reduces to equation (8-5).

Figureshows the Stern-Gerlach apparatus. It reveals that spin-12particles have just two possible spin states. Assume that when these two beams are separated inside the channel (though still near its centreline). we can choose to block one or the other for study. Now a second such apparatus is added after the first. Their channels are aligned. But the second one is rotated about the-axis by an angle \(\phi\) from the first. Suppose we block the spin-down beam in the first apparatus, allowing only the spin-up beam into the second. There is no wave function for spin. but we can still talk of a probability amplitude, which we square to give a probability. After the first apparatus' spin-up beam passes through the second apparatus, the probability amplitude iscos(ϕ/2)↑2nd+sin(ϕ/2)↓2ndwhere the arrows indicate the two possible findings for spin in the second apparatus.

(a) What is the probability of finding the particle spin up in the second apparatus? Of finding it spin down? Argue that these probabilities make sense individually for representative values ofϕand their sum is also sensible.

(b) By contrasting this spin probability amplitude with a spatial probability amplitude. Such asψ(x)=Ae−te2. Argue that although the arbitrariness ofϕgives the spin cases an infinite number of solves. it is still justified to refer to it as a "two-state system," while the spatial case is an infinite-state system.

To investigate the claim that lowerimplies lower f energy. consider a simple case: lithium. which has twon=1electrons and alonen=2valence electron.

(a)First find the approximate orbit radius, in terms ofa0. of ann=1electron orbiting three protons. (Refer to Section 7.8.)

(b) Assuming then=1electrons shield/cancel out two of the protons in lithium's nucleus, the orbit radius of ann=2electron orbiting a net charge of just+e.

(c) Argue that lithium's valence electron should certainly have lower energy in a 25 state than in a2pstale. (Refer Figure 7.15.)

Assume that the spin-orbit interaction is not overwhelmed by an external magnetic field what isthe minimum angle the total angular momentum vector may make with the z -axis in a3state of hydrogen?
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