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Chapter 1: Problem 20

Explain the following terms with one example each. (a) Corrosion (b) Rancidity

Short Answer

Expert verified
Corrosion is the rusting of iron. Rancidity is cooking oil going bad due to exposure to air and heat.

Step by step solution

01

Define Corrosion

Corrosion refers to the process through which metals deteriorate due to a chemical reaction with their environment. This often results in rust formation, particularly with iron.
02

Example of Corrosion

An example of corrosion is the rusting of iron. When iron is exposed to moisture and oxygen, it slowly transforms into iron oxide, commonly known as rust.
03

Define Rancidity

Rancidity is the process through which fats and oils deteriorate and develop unpleasant flavors and odors, usually due to oxidation.
04

Example of Rancidity

An example of rancidity is when cooking oil is left exposed to air and heat for a long time, causing it to smell and taste bad.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Corrosion
Corrosion is a natural process where metals degrade due to their reaction with the environment. It's most commonly known for causing rust on iron.
This happens when iron reacts with oxygen in the presence of water to form iron oxide. The process makes the metal weak and crumbly.
Environmental factors like moisture, air, and chemicals can accelerate corrosion. Here’s a clear example to understand it better:
  • Example: Rusting of iron - When iron objects, like nails or pipes, are exposed to moisture and air, they turn reddish-brown over time. This is because iron reacts with oxygen and water to form iron oxide, commonly known as rust.
Preventing corrosion is important. We can use methods like painting, galvanizing (coating with a layer of zinc), or using stainless steel, which resists rust.
Rancidity
Rancidity refers to the process where fats and oils break down and produce unpleasant smells and tastes. This typically happens because of oxidation, where oxygen reacts with fats and oils.
Rancidity doesn't just make food taste and smell bad; it can also make the food unhealthy to consume.
Common signs of rancidity include odd odors, a change in color, and a different texture. Here’s an illustrative example:
  • Example: Spoiling of cooking oil - When a bottle of cooking oil is left open and exposed to air and sunlight for a long time, it turns rancid. You may notice a sharp smell and a change in taste. This happens because the fats in the oil react with oxygen and degrade.
To avoid rancidity, store fats and oils in cool, dark places, and use airtight containers.
Oxidation
Oxidation is a chemical reaction where a substance combines with oxygen. This reaction can happen with metals, non-metals, and organic material, impacting various aspects of everyday life.
For example, the browning of an apple when cut and left exposed to air is a type of oxidation.
Oxidation reactions can be both helpful and harmful. Here’s an example for more clarity:
  • Example: Browning of fruits - When you cut an apple and leave it out, the exposed surface turns brown. This happens because the enzymes in the apple react with oxygen in the air, resulting in an oxidized surface.
Reducing oxidation is beneficial for preservation. Methods like adding lemon juice to cut fruits (which contains antioxidants) or using vacuum sealing can slow down oxidation.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

What does one mean by exothermic and endothermic reactions? Give examples.

Explain the following in terms of gain or loss of oxygen with two examples each. (a) Oxidation (b) Reduction

Write the balanced chemical equations for the following reactions. (a) Calcium hydroxide + Carbon dioxide \(\rightarrow\) Calcium carbonate + Water (b) Zinc + Silver nitrate \(\rightarrow\) Zinc nitrate + Silver (c) Aluminium + Copper chloride \(\rightarrow\) Aluminium chloride + Copper (d) Barium chloride + Potassium sulphate \(\rightarrow\) Barium sulphate + Potassium chloride

\(\mathrm{Fe}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}+2 \mathrm{Al} \rightarrow \mathrm{Al}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}+2 \mathrm{Fe}\) The above reaction is an example of a (a) combination reaction. (b) double displacement reaction. (c) decomposition reaction. (d) displacement reaction.

In the refining of silver, the recovery of silver from silver nitrate solution involved displacement by copper metal. Write down the reaction involved.
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