What is the function of an earth wire? Why is it necessary to earth metallic appliances?

Electrical grounding, also known as earthing, is a fundamental safety measure in electrical systems. Grounding creates a reference point for the voltage levels in the system.
This is important because it provides a common path for electrical current to follow in case of any faults.
When we connect parts of an electrical system to the ground, it ensures any excess current, caused by faults like short circuits, can safely dissipate into the Earth.
Without grounding, excess electricity could cause damage to appliances or even lead to electric shocks.
Grounding wires usually have a green or yellow insulation to distinguish them from other wires. These wires are connected to the metal parts of appliances and the ground terminals in outlets.

One of the main reasons electrical grounding is critical is for enhancing safety in electrical systems.
Grounding helps ensure that the electrical system operates safely and reliably.
Here are the key reasons why grounding improves safety:

• Stabilizes Voltage Levels: Grounding creates a stable voltage reference point, which helps prevent over-voltage conditions that could damage electronics.
• Fire Prevention: By allowing excess electricity to flow into the ground, grounding reduces the risk of electrical fires.
• Protects Equipment: Grounding safeguards electrical devices and systems from potential damage caused by irregular voltage spikes.

Ensuring that systems and appliances are correctly grounded can save lives and protect property.

Electric shock prevention is among the primary purposes of grounding.
Grounding provides a safe method for redirecting electrical currents in case of a fault.
Here’s how grounding helps prevent electric shocks:

• Direct Path for Fault Current: If there’s a fault, such as a live wire touching a metal casing, the grounding wire ensures the current travels safely to the Earth.
• Breakers and Fuses: Grounding works alongside circuit breakers and fuses, which cut off the power supply when excess current flows through the system, preventing potential shocks.

Properly grounded systems reduce the risk of accidental electric shocks, making it safe for anyone using electrical appliances or devices.
This is why grounding is a standard practice in household and industrial electrical systems.