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Chapter 2: Problem 9

Five solutions \(A, B, C, D\) and \(E\) when tested with universal indicator showed \(\mathrm{pH}\) as \(4,1,11,7\) and 9 , respectively. Which solution is (a) neutral? (b) strongly alkaline? (c) strongly acidic? (d) weakly acidic? (e) weakly alkaline? Arrange the pH in increasing order of hydrogen-ion concentration.

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) 7, (b) 11, (c) 1, (d) 4, (e) 9. Increasing order of hydrogen-ion concentration: 1, 4, 7, 9, 11.

Step by step solution

01

Identify the neutral solution

A neutral solution has a pH of 7. Therefore, the neutral solution among A, B, C, D, and E is the solution with pH 7.
02

Identify the strongly alkaline solution

A strongly alkaline solution has a pH closer to 14. Among the given pH values, 11 is the highest, indicating that the solution with pH 11 is strongly alkaline.
03

Identify the strongly acidic solution

A strongly acidic solution has a pH close to 0. Among the given pH values, 1 is the lowest, indicating that the solution with pH 1 is strongly acidic.
04

Identify the weakly acidic solution

A weakly acidic solution has a pH slightly less than 7 but not very low. The given pH value of 4 fits this description, so the solution with pH 4 is weakly acidic.
05

Identify the weakly alkaline solution

A weakly alkaline solution has a pH slightly greater than 7 but not very high. The given pH value of 9 fits this description, so the solution with pH 9 is weakly alkaline.
06

Arrange the pH in increasing order of hydrogen-ion concentration

Hydrogen-ion concentration decreases as pH increases. Therefore, arrange the pH values from the lowest to the highest: 1 (strongly acidic), 4 (weakly acidic), 7 (neutral), 9 (weakly alkaline), 11 (strongly alkaline).

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Acidic Solutions
An acidic solution has a pH value less than 7. Acids release hydrogen ions (H⁺) when dissolved in water, making the solution more acidic. The further the pH is below 7, the stronger the acid.
  • Strongly acidic solutions often have a pH close to 0. In this exercise, the solution with pH 1 is considered strongly acidic.
  • Weakly acidic solutions have pH values just below 7. For example, a solution with pH 4 is classified as weakly acidic in the given exercise.
Understanding the pH of acidic solutions helps in evaluating their reactivity and safety. It is important to handle strongly acidic solutions with care, as they can be corrosive.
Alkaline Solutions
Alkaline solutions, also known as basic solutions, have a pH value greater than 7. Bases release hydroxide ions (OH⁻) in water, which increases the pH.
  • Strongly alkaline solutions have pH values close to 14. In this problem, the solution with pH 11 is identified as strongly alkaline.
  • Weakly alkaline solutions have pH values just above 7. For example, the solution with pH 9 in our exercise is weakly alkaline.
Alkaline solutions are commonly found in household cleaning products and can be corrosive at high concentrations. It is crucial to distinguish between weak and strong alkalinity to ensure proper handling and usage.
Neutral pH
A neutral pH is defined as 7, indicating a perfect balance between hydrogen ions (H⁺) and hydroxide ions (OH⁻). Pure water is a classic example of a neutral substance.
  • Neutral solutions do not exhibit acidic or basic properties.
  • At a pH of 7, the concentration of H⁺ and OH⁻ ions is equal, promoting stability and non-reactivity.
In the provided exercise, the solution with pH 7 is identified as neutral. Understanding the concept of neutral pH is important for various scientific fields, including biology, chemistry, and environmental science, as it helps maintain balanced and safe environments.

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