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Mobile App Chapter 8: Problem 8
What are the different methods of contraception?
Short Answer
Expert verified
The different methods of contraception include barrier methods, hormonal methods, IUDs, natural methods, permanent methods, and emergency contraception.
Step by step solution
01
- Introduction to Contraception
Contraception refers to methods used to prevent pregnancy. There are several different types, each with its own mechanism of action and effectiveness.
02
- Barrier Methods
Barrier methods prevent sperm from reaching the egg. Examples include condoms (both male and female), diaphragms, cervical caps, and contraceptive sponges.
03
- Hormonal Methods
Hormonal methods adjust a woman’s hormonal balance to prevent ovulation, thicken cervical mucus, or thin the uterine lining. Examples include birth control pills, patches, injections, vaginal rings, and hormonal IUDs.
04
- Intrauterine Devices (IUDs)
IUDs are small devices inserted into the uterus to prevent pregnancy. There are two main types: copper IUDs (which release copper to prevent sperm motility) and hormonal IUDs (which release hormones to prevent ovulation and thicken cervical mucus).
05
- Natural Methods
Natural methods include abstinence, withdrawal, fertility awareness (tracking ovulation cycles), and breastfeeding as a temporary contraceptive method.
06
- Permanent Methods
Permanent methods involve surgical procedures to provide a lasting solution. For men, this is a vasectomy, and for women, it is tubal ligation.
07
- Emergency Contraception
Emergency contraception can be used after unprotected sex to prevent pregnancy. Methods include emergency contraceptive pills (Plan B or Ella) and copper IUDs.
08
- Conclusion
These methods vary in terms of effectiveness, side effects, and suitability for different individuals. It’s important to consult with a healthcare provider to choose the best method.
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Key Concepts
These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.
Barrier Methods
Barrier methods of contraception work by physically blocking sperm from reaching the egg. These methods are non-hormonal and are often easy to use without a prescription. Common examples include:
- Male condoms
- Female condoms
- Diaphragms
- Cervical caps
- Contraceptive sponges
Hormonal Methods
Hormonal methods adjust a woman's hormone levels to prevent pregnancy. These methods can work by preventing ovulation, thickening cervical mucus to block sperm, or thinning the uterine lining to prevent fertilized eggs from implanting. Examples include:
- Birth control pills
- Patches
- Injections
- Vaginal rings
- Hormonal IUDs
Intrauterine Devices (IUDs)
IUDs are small, T-shaped devices inserted into the uterus by a healthcare provider. They are long-term contraceptive options that can last for several years. There are two main types:
- Copper IUDs: release copper, which acts as a spermicide by reducing sperm motility.
- Hormonal IUDs: release hormones to prevent ovulation and thicken cervical mucus.
Natural Methods
Natural methods involve using knowledge of the body's fertility signals to avoid pregnancy. These methods are hormone-free and require careful monitoring and self-discipline. Common natural methods include:
- Abstinence: completely avoiding vaginal intercourse.
- Withdrawal: removing the penis from the vagina before ejaculation.
- Fertility awareness: tracking menstrual cycles to determine fertile windows.
- Breastfeeding: exclusive breastfeeding can temporarily prevent ovulation.
Permanent Methods
Permanent methods of contraception provide a lasting solution by surgically altering the reproductive system. These methods are suitable for individuals who are certain they do not want future pregnancies. The main types are:
- Vasectomy: a procedure for men that cuts or seals the vas deferens to prevent sperm from entering the semen.
- Tubal ligation: a procedure for women that involves cutting, tying, or sealing the fallopian tubes.
Emergency Contraception
Emergency contraception can be used to prevent pregnancy after unprotected sex or contraceptive failure. These methods are most effective when used as soon as possible after the event. The main types are:
- Emergency contraceptive pills (Plan B, Ella): taken within 72 hours, Plan B is available over-the-counter, while Ella requires a prescription.
- Copper IUD: can be inserted up to five days after unprotected sex and provides ongoing contraception for up to 10 years.
