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Chapter 29: Problem 8

Write the symbol (in the form \(_{Z}^{A} \mathrm{X}\) ) for the nuclide that has 78 neutrons and 53 protons.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: The nuclide symbol for this isotope is \(_{53}^{131} \mathrm{I}\).

Step by step solution

01

Find the element symbol

The element symbol can be found by matching the atomic number (Z) to its corresponding element in the periodic table. The problem states that there are 53 protons, so the atomic number is 53. Upon looking it up on the periodic table, the element with Z = 53 is Iodine (I).
02

Calculate the mass number

To find the mass number (A), add the number of protons (Z) and the number of neutrons. In this case, there are 53 protons and 78 neutrons. The mass number is then: A = 53 (protons) + 78 (neutrons) = 131
03

Write the nuclide symbol

Using the values found in steps 1 and 2, the nuclide symbol in the form \(_{Z}^{A} \mathrm{X}\) can be written as: \(_{53}^{131} \mathrm{I}\)

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Radium- 226 decays as ${ }_{88}^{226} \mathrm{Ra} \rightarrow{ }_{86}^{222} \mathrm{Rn}+{ }_{2}^{4} \mathrm{He} .\( If the \){ }_{88}^{226}$ Ra nucleus is at rest before the decay and the \({ }_{86}^{222} \mathrm{Rn}\) nucleus is in its ground state, estimate the kinetic energy of the \(\alpha\) particle. (Assume that the \({ }_{86}^{222} \mathrm{Rn}\) nucleus takes away an insignificant fraction of the kinetic energy.)
A space rock contains \(3.00 \mathrm{~g}\) of \({ }_{62}^{147} \mathrm{Sm}\) and \(0.150 \mathrm{~g}\) of ${ }_{60}^{143} \mathrm{Nd} .{ }_{62}^{147} \mathrm{Sm} \alpha\( decays to \){ }_{60}^{143} \mathrm{Nd}\( with a half-life of \)1.06 \times 10^{11} \mathrm{yr}\(. If the rock originally contained no \){ }_{60}^{143} \mathrm{Nd}$ how old is it?
The last step in the carbon cycle that takes place inside stars is \(\mathrm{p}+^{15} \mathrm{N} \rightarrow^{12} \mathrm{C}+(?) .\) This step releases \(5.00 \mathrm{MeV}\) of energy. (a) Show that the reaction product "(?)" must be an \(\alpha\) particle. (b) Calculate the atomic mass of helium-4 from the information given. (c) In order for this reaction to occur, the proton must come into contact with the nitrogen nucleus. Calculate the distance \(d\) between their centers when they just "touch." (d) If the proton and nitrogen nucleus are initially far apart, what is the minimum value of their total kinetic energy necessary to bring the two into contact?
In naturally occurring potassium, \(0.0117 \%\) of the nuclei are radioactive \(^{40} \mathrm{K} .\) (a) What mass of \(^{40} \mathrm{K}\) is found in a broccoli stalk containing \(300 \mathrm{mg}\) of potassium? (b) What is the activity of this broccoli stalk due to \(^{40} \mathrm{K} ?\)
The radioactive decay of \(^{238} \mathrm{U}\) produces \(\alpha\) particles with a kinetic energy of \(4.17 \mathrm{MeV} .\) (a) At what speed do these \(\alpha\) particles move? (b) Put yourself in the place of Rutherford and Geiger. You know that \(\alpha\) particles are positively charged (from the way they are deflected in a magnetic field). You want to measure the speed of the \(\alpha\) particles using a velocity selector. If your magnet produces a magnetic field of \(0.30 \mathrm{T},\) what strength electric field would allow the \(\alpha\) particles to pass through undeflected? (c) Now that you know the speed of the \(\alpha\) particles, you measure the radius of their trajectory in the same magnetic field (without the electric field) to determine their charge-to-mass ratio. Using the charge and mass of the \(\alpha\) particle, what would the radius be in a \(0.30-\mathrm{T}\) field? (d) Why can you determine only the charge-to-mass ratio \((q / m)\) by this experiment, but not the individual values of \(q\) and \(m ?\)
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