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Chapter 4: Problem 108

Which of the following forces bind electrons to nuclei to form atoms: strong force, contact force, electromagnetic force, gravitational force?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: Electromagnetic force.

Step by step solution

01

Identify the relevant forces at the atomic level.

At the atomic level, the strong force, electromagnetic force, and gravitational force are relevant forces that could be responsible for binding electrons to the nucleus. The contact force is not relevant since it is a macroscopic force and doesn't act at atomic levels.
02

Analyze the strong force.

The strong force, also known as the strong nuclear force, is a fundamental force that binds protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. The strong force is not responsible for holding electrons in the atom, as its influence extends only a very short distance from the nucleus and doesn't have an attractive effect on the electrons.
03

Analyze the electromagnetic force.

The electromagnetic force is another fundamental force in nature that acts between electrically charged particles. In an atom, the positively charged protons in the nucleus and the negatively charged electrons experience an attractive electromagnetic force. This force is responsible for holding electrons in their orbits around the nucleus, forming an atom.
04

Analyze the gravitational force.

Gravitational force is the attractive force between masses. Although protons and electrons in an atom have mass and do experience a gravitational force, this force is extremely weak compared to the electromagnetic force. At atomic scales, gravity has negligible influence on the behavior of electrons around the nucleus.
05

Select the correct force.

The force responsible for binding electrons to nuclei to form atoms is the electromagnetic force. This is because the electromagnetic force is the attractive force between the positively charged protons in the nucleus and the negatively charged electrons, holding them in orbit around the nucleus. The other forces, either do not act on electrons at the atomic level or are too weak to have a significant effect.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A toy cart of mass \(m_{1}\) moves on frictionless wheels as it is pulled by a string under tension \(T .\) A block of mass \(m_{2}\) rests on top of the cart. The coefficient of static friction between the cart and the block is \(\mu .\) Find the maximum tension \(T\) that will not cause the block to slide on the cart if the cart rolls on (a) a horizontal surface; (b) up a ramp of angle \(\theta\) above the horizontal. In both cases, the string is parallel to the surface on which the cart rolls.
An \(85-\mathrm{kg}\) skier is sliding down a ski slope at a constant velocity. The slope makes an angle of \(11^{\circ}\) above the horizontal direction. (a) Ignoring any air resistance, what is the force of kinetic friction acting on the skier? (b) What is the coefficient of kinetic friction between the skis and the snow?
A toy freight train consists of an engine and three identical cars. The train is moving to the right at constant speed along a straight, level track. Three spring scales are used to connect the cars as follows: spring scale \(A\) is located between the engine and the first car; scale \(\mathrm{B}\) is between the first and second cars; scale \(C\) is between the second and third cars. (a) If air resistance and friction are negligible, what are the relative readings on the three spring scales \(\mathrm{A}, \mathrm{B},\) and \(\mathrm{C} ?\) (b) Repeat part (a), taking air resistance and friction into consideration this time. [Hint: Draw an FBD for the car in the middle. \(]\) (c) If air resistance and friction together cause a force of magnitude \(5.5 \mathrm{N}\) on each car, directed toward the left, find the readings of scales $\mathrm{A}, \mathrm{B},\( and \)\mathrm{C}$
In Fig. 4.15 an astronaut is playing shuffleboard on Earth. The puck has a mass of \(2.0 \mathrm{kg} .\) Between the board and puck the coefficient of static friction is 0.35 and of kinetic friction is \(0.25 .\) (a) If she pushes the puck with a force of \(5.0 \mathrm{N}\) in the forward direction, does the puck move? (b) As she is pushing, she trips and the force in the forward direction suddenly becomes \(7.5 \mathrm{N} .\) Does the puck move? (c) If so, what is the acceleration of the puck along the board if she maintains contact between puck and stick as she regains her footing while pushing steadily with a force of \(6.0 \mathrm{N}\) on the puck? (d) She carries her game to the Moon and again pushes a moving puck with a force of \(6.0 \mathrm{N}\) forward. Is the acceleration of the puck during contact more, the same, or less than on Earth? Explain. (tutorial: rough table)
A car is driving on a straight, level road at constant speed. Draw an FBD for the car, showing the significant forces that act upon it.
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