Arrange the following steps in a sequence to find the volume of an irregular shaped solid body. (a) The irregular shaped solid is tied with the thread and is lowered into the measuring cylinder. (b) A measuring cylinder with graduations in millilitre or cubic centimetre is taken. (c) The level of water in the measuring cylinder rises after immersion of the solid. (say \(\mathrm{V}_{2}\) ). (d) First, it is filled with water to a certain level or volume. (say \(\mathrm{V}_{1}\) ). (e) The volume of the stone is equal to the difference between the volume of the water before and after the immersion of the stone. \(\left(\mathrm{V}_{2}-\mathrm{V}_{1}\right)\). (1) abcde (2) bcade (3) bdace (4) edacb

The water displacement method is a commonly used technique for determining the volume of irregularly shaped solids. It is based on the principle that a solid will displace a volume of fluid equivalent to its own volume when submerged. This method can be particularly useful when dealing with objects that do not have uniform shapes, making it difficult to measure volume using standard geometric formulas.

In practice, the water displacement method involves several steps. Initially, you acquire a measuring cylinder with volume graduations and fill it with water to a known level. Once the irregular solid is submerged, the water level will rise. The change in volume, indicated by the raised water level, is directly equal to the volume of the solid.

To ensure accuracy with the water displacement method, it is essential to avoid air bubbles when submerging the object as they will affect the water level. Additionally, temperature can alter the density and volume of water, so it is best to perform the experiment at a consistent room temperature to maintain precision in measurement. By following these advices, you can confidently determine the volume of an irregular solid using this approach.

Volume calculation in the context of the water displacement method is straightforward but requires attention to detail. Once the irregular solid is submerged in the water, it increases the water level from an initial volume, denoted as \(\mathrm{V}_{1}\), to a new volume, denoted as \(\mathrm{V}_{2}\). To calculate the volume of the solid, you subtract the initial volume of water \(\mathrm{V}_{1}\) from the new volume \(\mathrm{V}_{2}\), upon its submersion.

The formula to calculate the volume of the irregular solid is:\[\text{Volume of the solid} = \mathrm{V}_{2} - \mathrm{V}_{1}\]This calculation gives you the object's volume in the same unit of measurement used in the measuring cylinder, typically millilitres (mL) or cubic centimetres (cm³), since \(1\text{mL} = 1\text{cm}^{3}\).

It's important to report measurements accurately, read the cylinder at eye level, and use the bottom of the meniscus to determine water levels. By following these steps and keeping measurement nuances in mind, you can accurately calculate the volume of objects that are not amenable to width by height by depth measurements.

Using a measuring cylinder is integral to volume measurement through the water displacement method. The cylinder should have clear graduations marked in millilitres or cubic centimetres for precise reading of volume changes. When employing a measuring cylinder, it is crucial to fill it to a level where the subsequent rise in water level is easily observed and documented.

To obtain the most accurate measurement, place the cylinder on a flat and stable surface to prevent any inadvertent tilting, which could alter the water level readings. While reading the volume, ensure that your line of sight is perpendicular to the level of the water to avoid parallax errors.

Checking Cylinder Calibration

It is also vital to ensure the measuring cylinder is calibrated correctly. An incorrectly marked cylinder can lead to systematic errors across multiple readings. To check if a measuring cylinder is accurate, you can measure the volume of water known from a different container or use a liquid with a known mass and density.

By appropriately using a measuring cylinder, you can gain confidence in your volume measurements and consequently, in the subsequent calculations regarding the volume of irregular solids.