Name the device used to measure the volume of an irregular solid.

Imagine you have an object with an unusual shape, and you're tasked with finding its volume. Traditional volume measurement methods, using length, width, and height wouldn't be practical. This is where the displacement method shines. It's a measuring technique based on the principle that an object submerged in a fluid will displace a volume of fluid equal to its own volume.

Here's how you can apply the displacement method:

• Start with a container that can hold more water than the volume of the object you wish to measure.
• Fill the container with water right up to a reference point.
• Gently submerge your irregular object into the water. Ensure it is fully submerged without touching the sides or bottom of the container.
• Measure the volume of water that has been displaced. This can be done by collecting the overflowed water in a graduated container or noting the new water level in your original container and calculating the difference.

The volume of water displaced is numerically equal to the volume of the object. This method is particularly useful for irregularly shaped objects, like rocks or complex metal parts, where geometric formulas for volume fall short.

The Eureka can, also known as Archimedes' bucket or the displacement can, is specifically designed to measure the volume of an object through the displacement method. Its design is ingeniously simple but effective, with a spout or notch at a certain height to allow water to overflow when an object is submerged.

Follow these steps with a Eureka can:

• First, fill the can till the water reaches the level of the spout.
• Place a measuring vessel, such as a graduated cylinder or beaker, under the spout to catch the overflowing water.
• Carefully lower the irregular object into the can until it is fully immersed. The water will start spilling into the measuring vessel.
• When the object is fully submerged and no more water is overflowing, remove the object. The collected water in the measuring vessel represents the volume of the object.

This approach is practical for classroom experiments or industrial settings to find the volume of samples or products, and it showcases the versatility of the displacement method.

To grasp the underlying science behind the displacement method and the Eureka can, we turn to a principle established over 2000 years ago by the Greek mathematician Archimedes. According to Archimedes' principle, when an object is fully or partially submerged in a fluid, it experiences an upward force, known as buoyancy, which is equal to the weight of the fluid that the object displaces.

Buoyancy and Measurement

Not only does this principle explain why objects float, but it also provides a way to measure an object's volume. If the weight of the water displaced is equal to the object's weight, the object will float. If it's less, the object will sink. Either way, the volume displaced is the key measurement.

For example:

• If you submerge a stone in water, the amount of water pushed aside is equal to the volume of the stone.
• A ship floats because it displaces a volume of water equivalent to its own weight, even though its shape is complex.

Thus, Archimedes' principle is the foundation on which the displacement method is built, demonstrating how understanding the principles of physics can lead to practical measurement techniques.