Write the following steps in sequential order to verify the laws of reflection. (a) Draw a normal at the point where the two lines \(\mathrm{PQ}\) and \(\mathrm{P}_{1} \mathrm{Q}_{1}\) meet. (b) Remove the pins and the mirror and join \(\mathrm{P}, \mathrm{Q}\) similarly join \(\mathrm{P}_{1}, \mathrm{Q}_{1}\). (c) View the image of \(\mathrm{P}\) and \(\mathrm{Q}\) and fix two more pins \(\mathrm{P}_{1}\) and \(\mathrm{Q}_{1}\) such that the images of pins \(\mathrm{P}, \mathrm{Q}\) and \(\mathrm{P}_{1}, \mathrm{Q}_{1}\) are along the same line. (d) Draw a straight line on a white paper spread on the table and fix a plane mirror on the line. (e) Fix two pins \(\mathrm{P}\) and \(\mathrm{Q}\) in front of the mirror. (f) Measure the angle of incidence and angle of reflection and compare them to verify the law reflection. (1) dabecf (2) acdbfe (3) decbaf (4) dbacef

Step by step solution

01

Setting up the experiment

First, place a white paper on a table and draw a straight line on it. Fix a plane mirror on this line. This sets up the initial environment for the experiment.

02

Fix the pins

Next, fix two pins, P and Q, in front of the mirror. These pins will represent the incident rays in the experiment.

03

Place additional pins

Now, view the image of the pins P and Q reflected in the mirror. Fix two more pins, P1 and Q1, such that the images of pins P, Q and P1, Q1 are along the same line. This step helps in determining the path of reflected rays.

04

Remove the mirror and draw lines

Once the pins are in their proper positions, remove the pins and the mirror from the paper. Join points P and Q, and similarly join points P1 and Q1, by drawing lines on the paper.

05

Draw a normal

At the point where the lines PQ and P1Q1 meet, draw a normal, i.e., a line perpendicular to the mirror's surface. This normal will act as a reference for measuring the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection.

06

Measure the angles

Measure the angle formed by the incident ray (line PQ) and the normal, known as the angle of incidence (i). Similarly, measure the angle formed by the reflected ray (line P1Q1) and the normal, known as the angle of reflection (r).

07

Verify the law of reflection

Compare the measured angles of incidence and reflection. If the angles are equal, i.e., i = r, this verifies the law of reflection, which states that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection for a plane mirror. The correct sequence of steps is (4) dbacef.

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