Chapter 4: Problem 67

Explain how light helps in the growth of plants.

Short Answer

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Short answer: Light is crucial for plant growth as it provides the energy necessary for photosynthesis, the process where plants convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose. Photosynthesis occurs in two stages: light-dependent reactions and light-independent reactions (Calvin Cycle). Chlorophyll, a pigment in chloroplasts, absorbs light energy to produce energy-storing molecules, ATP and NADPH, which are then used in the Calvin Cycle to fix carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into organic molecules like glucose. Adequate light exposure ensures efficient photosynthesis, supporting plant growth, proper development, and overall health.

Step by step solution

Introduction to Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose. This process is essential for the growth and sustenance of these organisms, and it also plays a vital role in maintaining the balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere.

The role of chlorophyll and pigments

Plants contain specialized cells called chloroplasts, where photosynthesis takes place. Within chloroplasts, there are pigments such as chlorophyll, which are responsible for absorbing light energy. Chlorophyll primarily absorbs blue and red light, while reflecting green light, which gives most plants their green color.

Light-dependent reactions

The first stage of photosynthesis is the light-dependent reactions, which occur in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplasts. In this stage, light energy absorbed by chlorophyll is used to produce molecules called ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate). These molecules store energy and are essential for the next stage of photosynthesis.

Light-independent reactions (Calvin Cycle)

The second stage of photosynthesis is the light-independent reactions, also known as the Calvin Cycle. This stage takes place in the stroma of the chloroplasts. During the Calvin Cycle, ATP and NADPH produced in the light-dependent reactions are used to fix carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into organic molecules, like glucose. This process is called carbon fixation and is vital for plant growth, as it allows plants to create the carbohydrates they need for structural and energy purposes.

Impact of light on plant growth

Light is essential for plant growth, as it provides the energy required for photosynthesis. Without light, plants would not be able to produce the glucose they need for growth, and they would eventually die. Additionally, the amount and quality of light a plant receives can directly affect its growth rate, development, and overall health. Plants with inadequate light exposure may not photosynthesize efficiently and may exhibit symptoms such as slow growth, weak stems, and pale leaves.

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Explain how light helps in the growth of plants.

Short Answer

Step by step solution

Introduction to Photosynthesis

The role of chlorophyll and pigments

Light-dependent reactions

Light-independent reactions (Calvin Cycle)

Impact of light on plant growth

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