Write a short note on (a) short circuit and (b) overload.

Question: What are the differences between a short circuit and an overload, and provide an example of each. Answer: A short circuit occurs when the current flow in an electrical circuit passes along an unintended path with very low resistance, allowing a large amount of current to flow through the circuit. An example of a short circuit is when exposed conductors of the positive and negative wires in a damaged electrical circuit come into contact with each other, causing excessive current flow and potential damage or fire. On the other hand, overload refers to the situation when the electrical current flowing through a circuit exceeds its design capacity, usually due to too many electrical devices or appliances connected to a single circuit. An example of overload is when multiple high-power appliances operate simultaneously on a single household circuit designed for a maximum current of 10 amps, causing the total current drawn to exceed the limit and leading the circuit breaker to trip or the fuse to blow as safety measures.