Write the major defects in Voltaic cell.

Answer: The major defects in Voltaic cells include polarization, leakage, deterioration of electrodes, limited cell lifetime, and lower energy efficiency. Polarization occurs when reaction products accumulate on the electrode surfaces, reducing the cell's voltage and efficiency. Leakage of the electrolyte solution or salt bridge can lead to contamination and short-circuiting. The deterioration of electrodes can result from corrosion, mechanical wear, and loss of active material, affecting cell performance. Limited cell lifetime is caused by irreversible changes in electrode materials and electrolyte depletion. Lower energy efficiency results from factors such as internal resistance, electrode polarization, and side reactions, reducing the effectiveness of energy conversion.