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Chapter 8: Problem 30

What is a tornado?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: A tornado is a rapidly rotating column of air that forms from the base of a cumulonimbus cloud and is in contact with the ground, often referred to as a "twister." Tornadoes form from severe thunderstorms with strong vertical wind shear, which causes the rising air to start rotating horizontally and then tilt into a vertical position due to the updraft within the thunderstorm. The spinning column of air grows and extends from the base of the thunderstorm cloud to the ground, creating a tornado.

Step by step solution

01

Definition of a Tornado

A tornado is a rapidly rotating column of air that forms from the base of a cumulonimbus cloud (thunderstorm cloud) and is in contact with the ground. Tornadoes typically have a funnel shape, with the narrowest part touching the ground, and are often referred to as "twisters."
02

Formation of a Tornado

Tornadoes usually form from severe thunderstorms, particularly when there is a strong vertical wind shear. The step-by-step process of tornado formation is as follows: 1. A thunderstorm develops as warm, moist air rises and cools, creating a cumulonimbus cloud. 2. Wind shear causes the rising air to start rotating horizontally. 3. The updraft within the thunderstorm tilts the rotating air into a vertical position. 4. The spinning column of air continues to grow and may extend from the base of the thunderstorm cloud to the ground, creating a tornado.
03

Main Characteristics of a Tornado

Tornadoes can vary in size and strength, but some common characteristics include: 1. Width: Tornadoes can range from a few meters to more than a kilometer wide. 2. Wind speeds: Tornadoes have wind speeds ranging from 65 km/h (40 mph) to over 480 km/h (300 mph). 3. Lifespan: Tornadoes typically last for several minutes but can last for hours in rare cases. 4. Damage path: The path of destruction left by a tornado can be less than 100 meters to several kilometers long.
04

Hazards Associated with Tornadoes

Tornadoes are extremely dangerous and can cause widespread destruction, injuries, and fatalities. The main hazards associated with tornadoes include: 1. Strong winds: Tornadoes can cause extensive damage to structures, vehicles, and vegetation due to their high wind speeds. 2. Flying debris: Objects picked up by tornadoes can become dangerous projectiles, causing damage and injuries. 3. Downed power lines: These can lead to power outages and electrocution hazards. 4. Flash flooding: Heavy rain from the accompanying thunderstorm can cause flash flooding in the surrounding areas.

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