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Chapter 22: Q. 11 (page 624)

You have two neutral metal spheres on wood stands. Devise a procedure for charging the spheres so that they will have like charges of exactly equal magnitude. Use charge diagrams to explain your procedure.

Short Answer

Expert verified

Charge a neutral sphere with a charge rod then bring another neutral sphere and touch the charged sphere to get the same charge and magnitude on both of them.

Step by step solution

01

Content Introduction

On top of an insulating stand, a neutral conducting sphere is at rest. A negatively charged tube is brought close to the neutral sphere (without touching it). The electrons are forced to travel from the left to the right side of the sphere by the presence of the negatively charged tube.

02

Content Explanation

Charges may be transferred from a charged to a neutral object. As a result, we proceed to the next stages in order to obtain two sphere-like charges of equal magnitude.

  1. To begin, we connect a charged rod to a neutral sphere.
  2. The charge transfer between the rod and the sphere will charge the sphere.
  3. After then, bring another neutral sphere with the same size and form as the charged one and make contact with it. Charges will be transferred to a neutral sphere.
  4. The charge and magnitude of the green neutral sphere will be the same as the blue sphere. Then immediately separate both spheres to ensure that they have the same charge and magnitude.

We can look at the following picture:

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A Van de Graaff generator is a device that accumulates electrons on a large metal sphere until the large amount of charge causes sparks. As you’ll learn in Chapter 23, the electric field of a charged sphere is exactly the same as if the charge were a point charge at the center of the sphere. Suppose that a 25cmdiameter sphere has accumulated 1.0×1013extra electrons and that a small ball 50 cm from the edge of the sphere feels the force F→=9.2×10−4N, away from sphere). What is the charge on the ball?

Figure showed how an electroscope becomes negatively charged. The leaves will also repel each other if you touch the electroscope with a positively charged glass rod. Use a series of charge diagrams to explain what happens and why the leaves repel each other.

What is the force F→on the -10nCcharge in FIGURE P22.42? Give your answer as a magnitude and an angle measured cw or ccw (specify which) from the+x-axis.

Space explorers discover an 8.7×1017kgasteroid that happens to have a positive charge of 4400C. They would like to place their 3.3×105kgspaceship in orbit around the asteroid. Interestingly, the solar wind has given their spaceship a charge of –1.2C. What speed must their spaceship have to achieve a 7500-km-diameter circular orbit?

You sometimes create a spark when you touch a doorknob after shuffling your feet on a carpet. Why? The air always has a few free electrons that have been kicked out of atoms by cosmic rays. If an electric field is present, a free electron is accelerated until it collides with an air molecule. Most such collisions are elastic, so the electron collides, accelerates, collides, accelerates, and so on, gradually gaining speed. But if the electron’s kinetic energy just before a collision is 2.0×10-18Jor more, it has sufficient energy to kick an electron out of the molecule it hits. Where there was one free electron, now there are two! Each of these can then accelerate, hit a molecule, and kick out another electron. Then there will be four free electrons. In other words, as FIGURE P22.61 shows, a sufficiently strong electric field causes a “chain reaction” of electron production. This is called a breakdown of the air. The current of moving electrons is what gives you the shock, and a spark is generated when the electrons recombine with the positive ions and give off excess energy as a burst of light.

  1. The average distance between ionizing collisions is 2.0μm. (The electron’s mean free path is less than this, but most collisions are elastic collisions in which the electron bounces with no loss of energy.) What acceleration must an electron have to gain of kinetic energy in this distance?
  2. What force must act on an electron to give it the acceleration found in part a?
  3. What strength electric field will exert this much force on an electron? This is the breakdown field strength. Note: The measured breakdown field strength is a little less than your calculated value because our model of the process is a bit too simple. Even so, your calculated value is close.
  4. Suppose a free electron in air is 1.0 cm away from a point charge. What minimum charge is needed to cause a breakdown and create a spark as the electron moves toward the point charge?
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