Chapter 21: Q. 7 (page 593)
A heat engine satisfies Why is there no term in this relationship?
Short Answer
Since it is zero.
Chapter 21: Q. 7 (page 593)
A heat engine satisfies Why is there no term in this relationship?
Since it is zero.
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Get started for freeA heat engine using a diatomic ideal gas goes through the following closed cycle:
Isochoric cooling until the pressure is restored to its initial value. What are the thermal efficiencies of () this heat engine and
() a Carnot engine operating between the highest and lowest temperatures reached by this engine?
FIGURE Pshows the cycle for a heat engine that uses a gas having .The initial temperature is, and this engine operates atcycles per second.
a. What is the power output of the engine?
b. What is the engine's thermal efficiency?
FIGURE CPshows two insulated compartments separated by a thin wall. The left side contains of helium at an initial temperature of and the right side contains of helium at an initial temperature of . The compartment on the right is attached to a vertical cylinder, above which the air pressure is . A -diameter, piston can slide without friction up and down the cylinder. Neither the cylinder diameter nor the volumes of the compartments are known.
a. What is the final temperature?
b. How much heat is transferred from the left side to the right side?
c. How high is the piston lifted due to this heat transfer?
d. What fraction of the heat is converted into work?
A heat engine with of a monatomic ideal gas initially fills acylinder at . The gas goes through the following closed cycle:
Isothermal expansion to .
Isochoric cooling to .
Isothermal compression to .
Isochoric heating to .
How much work does this engine do per cycle and what is its thermal efficiency?
Consider a power plant (this is the useful output in the form of electric energy) that operates between 30oC and 450oC at 65% of the Carnot efficiency. This is enough electric energy for about 750 homes. One way to use energy more efficiently would be to use the 30oC“waste” energy to heat the homes rather than releasing that heat energy into the environment. This is called cogeneration, and it is used in some parts of Europe but rarely in the United States. The average home uses 70GJof energy per year for heating. For estimating purposes, assume that all the power plant’s exhaust energy can be transported to homes without loss and that home heating takes place at a steady rate for half a year each year. How many homes could be heated by the power plant?
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