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Chapter 42: Q 2 Exercise (page 1236)

How many protons and how many neutrons are in(a)He3,(b)P32,(c)S32, and(d)U238?

Short Answer

Expert verified

Therefore,

a.) 1

b.) 17

c.) 16

d.) 146

Step by step solution

01

Given information

(a)He3,(b)P32,(c)S32, and(d)U238?

02

Explanation (a)

The nucleus is made up of Z protons and A - Z neutrons, as we know.

a.) We have 3He

Atomic number is: 2

Number of protons is: 2

So, number of neutrons for 3He is: 3-2 = 1

03

Explanation (b)

b.) We have 32P

Atomic number is: 15

Number of protons is: 15

So, number of neutrons for 32P is: 32-15 = 17

04

Explanation (c)

c.) We have 32S:

Atomic number is: 16

Number of protons is: 16

So, number of neutrons for 32S is 32- 16 = 16

05

Explanation (d)

d.) We have 228U:

Atomic number is: 92

Number of protons is: 92

So, number of neutrons for 228U is 228-92 = 146

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The technique known as potassium-argon dating is used to date old lava flows. The potassium isotope 40 K has a 1.28-billionyear half-life and is naturally present at very low levels. 40 K decays by two routes: 89% undergo beta-minus decay into 40 Ca while 11% undergo electron capture to become 40 Ar. Argon is a gas, and there is no argon in flowing lava because the gas escapes. Once the lava solidifies, any argon produced in the decay of 40 K is trapped inside and cannot escape. A geologist brings you a piece of solidified lava in which you find the 40 Ar/ 40 K ratio to be 0.013. What is the age of the rock?

Use the potential-energy diagram in Figure 42.8 to sketch an approximate graph of the strong force between two nucleons versus the distance r between their centers.

A chest x ray uses 10 keV photons with an RBE of 0.85. A 60 kg person receives a 0.30 mSv dose from one chest x ray that exposes 25% of the patient’s body. How many x ray photons are absorbed in the patient’s body?

You learned in Chapter 41 that the binding energy of the electron in a hydrogen atom is 13.6eV.

a. By how much does the mass decrease when a hydrogen atom is formed from a proton and an electron? Give your answer both in atomic mass units and as a percentage of the mass of the hydrogen atom.

b. By how much does the mass decrease when a helium nucleus is formed from two protons and two neutrons? Give your answer both in atomic mass units and as a percentage of the mass of the helium nucleus.

c. Compare your answers to parts a and b. Why do you hear it said that mass is “lost” in nuclear reactions but not in chemical reactions?

What is the half-life in days of a radioactive sample with 5.0 x 1015

atoms and an activity of 5.0 x 108 Bq?
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