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Chapter 42: Q.3 (page 1235)
a. How do we know the strong force exists?
b. How do we know the strong force is short range?
As the nucleon is stable with positively charged particle, therefore there must be very strong attractive force existing inside the nucleus.
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Alpha decay occurs when an alpha particle tunnels through the Coulomb barrier. FIGURE CP42.63 shows a simple one-dimensional model of the potential-energy well of an alpha particle in a nucleus with A ≈ 235. The 15 fm width of this one-dimensional potential-energy well is the diameter of the nucleus. Further, to keep the model simple, the Coulomb barrier has been modeled as a 20-fm-wide, 30-MeV-high rectangular potential-energy barrier. The goal of this problem is to calculate the half-life of an alpha particle in the energy level E = 5.0 MeV. a. What is the kinetic energy of the alpha particle while inside the nucleus? What is its kinetic energy after it escapes from the nucleus? b. Consider the alpha particle within the nucleus to be a point particle bouncing back and forth with the kinetic energy you found in part a. What is the particle’s collision rate, the number of times per second it collides with a wall of the potential? c. What is the tunneling probability Ptunnel ?
The doctors planning a radiation therapy treatment have determined that a 100 g tumour needs to receive 0.20 J of gamma
radiation. What is the dose in grays?
What is the half-life in days of a radioactive sample with 5.0 x 1015
atoms and an activity of 5.0 x 108 Bq?
Use the potential-energy diagram in Figure to estimate the ratio of the gravitational potential energy to the nuclear potential energy for two neutrons separated by .
Use data in Appendix to make your own chart of stable and unstable nuclei, similar to Figure , for all nuclei with .Use a blue or black dot to represent stable isotopes, a red dot to represent isotopes that undergo beta-minus decay, and a green dot to represent isotopes that undergo beta-plus decay or electron-capture decay.
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