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Chapter 34: Q. 8 (page 989)
A converging lens creates the image shown in FIGURE Q34.8. Is the object distance less than the focal length f, between f and 2 f, or greater than 2 f? Explain
The object is between f and 2f away.
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A -tall object is in front of a concave mirror that has afocal length. Calculate the position and height of the image. State whether the image is in front of or behind the mirror, and whether the image is upright or inverted.
Shows a light ray that travels from point A to point B. The ray crosses the boundary at position x, making angles and in the two media. Suppose that you did not know Snell’s law.
A. Write an expression for the time t it takes the light ray to travel from A to B. Your expression should be in terms of the distances a, b, and w; the variable x; and the indices of refraction n1 and n2
B. The time depends on x. There’s one value of x for which the light travels from A to B in the shortest possible time. We’ll call it . Write an expression (but don’t try to solve it!) from which could be found.
C. Now, by using the geometry of the figure, derive Snell’s law from your answer to part b.
You’ve proven that Snell’s law is equivalent to the statement that “light traveling between two points follows the path that requires the shortest time.” This interesting way of thinking about refraction is called Fermat’s principle.
The 80-cm-tall, 65-cm-wide tank shown in FIGURE P34.49 is completely filled with water. The tank has marks every 10 cm along one wall, and the 0 cm mark is barely submerged. As you stand beside the opposite wall, your eye is level with the top of the water.
a. Can you see the marks from the top of the tank (the 0 cm mark) going down, or from the bottom of the tank (the 80 cm mark) coming up? Explain.
b. Which is the lowest or highest mark, depending on your answer to part a, that you can see?
A tall object is placed in front of a mirror. A tall upright image is formed behind the mirror, from the object. What is the focal length of the mirror?
A microscope is focused on a black dot. When a -cm-thick piece of plastic is placed over the dot, the microscope objective has to be raised cm to bring the dot back into focus. What is the index of refraction of the plastic?
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