Identify the element, the isotope, and the charge state of each atom in FIGURE $Q.37.12$ . Give your answer in symbolic form, such as ⁴He⁺ or ⁸Be^-.

We have given a figure. From the figure, it can be seen that a figure of an atom having $3$neutrons, $3$protons, and $2$electrons is given.

The total number of protons gives the atomic number. So, $3$protons mean an atom having an atomic number $3$which means it is Lithium (Li).

As we know for an atom to be neutral it must have an equal number of protons and electrons. But in the figure, there are only $2$electrons. So, it is positively charged.

Now, atomic mass is calculated by adding the total number of protons and neutrons. So, $3$protons$+$$3$neutrons = $6$amu. (atomic mass unit)

Thus, it is ⁶Li⁺.

We have given a figure. From the figure, it can be seen that a figure of an atom having $6$protons, $7$neutrons and $7$electrons.

The total number of protons gives the atomic number. So, $6$protons mean an atom having atomic number $6$which means it is Carbon (C).

As we know for an atom to be neutral it must have an equal number of protons and electrons. But in the figure, there are $7$electrons. So, it is negatively charged.

Now, atomic mass is calculated by adding the total number of protons and neutrons. So,$6protons+7neutrons=13amu$

Thus, it is ¹³C^-.