Learning Materials
Features
Discover
Chapter 33: Q. 2 (page 954)
Two narrow slits apart are illuminated with light of wavelength localid="1649170764860" . What is the angle of thelocalid="1649170756737" bright fringe in radianslocalid="1649170769758" In degreeslocalid="1649170772775"
The Angle of bright fringe in radian is,in degrees .
Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with Vaia!
All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.
Get started for free
Optical computers require microscopic optical switches to turn signals on and off. One device for doing so, which can be implemented in an integrated circuit, is the Mach-Zender interferometer seen in FIGURE. Light from an on-chip infrared laser is split into two waves that travel equal distances around the arms of the interferometer. One arm passes through an electro-optic crystal, a transparent material that can change its index of refraction in response to an applied voltage. Suppose both arms are exactly the same length and the crystal’s index of refraction with no applied voltage is.
a. With no voltage applied, is the output bright (switch closed, optical signal passing through) or dark (switch open, no signal)? Explain.
b. What is the first index of refraction of the electro-optic crystal larger than that changes the optical switch to the state opposite the state you found in part a?
A double-slit experiment is set up using a helium-neon laser . Then a very thin piece of glass is placed over one of the slits. Afterward, the central point on the screen is occupied by what had been the dark fringe. How thick is the glass?
A radar for tracking aircraft broadcasts a microwave beam from a -diameter circular radar antenna. From a wave perspective, the antenna is a circular aperture through which the microwaves diffract.
a. What is the diameter of the radar beam at a distance of ?
b. If the antenna emits of power, what is the average microwave intensity at ?
You want to photograph a circular diffraction pattern whose central maximum has a diameter of . You have a helium neon laser and a-diameter pinhole. How far behind the pinhole should you place the screen that’s to be photographed?
The pinhole camera of FIGURE images distant objects by allowing only a narrow bundle of light rays to pass through the hole and strike the film. If light consisted of particles, you could make the image sharper and sharper (at the expense of getting dimmer and dimmer) by making the aperture smaller and smaller. In practice, diffraction of light by the circular aperture limits the maximum sharpness that can be obtained. Consider two distant points of light, such as two distant streetlights. Each will produce a circular diffraction pattern on the film. The two images can just barely be resolved if the central maximum of one image falls on the first dark fringe of the other image. (This is called Rayleigh’s criterion, and we will explore its implication for optical instruments in Chapter .)
a. Optimum sharpness of one image occurs when the diameter of the central maximum equals the diameter of the pinhole. What is the optimum hole size for a pinhole camera in which the film is behind the hole? Assume localid="1649089848422" an average value for visible light.
b. For this hole size, what is the angle a (in degrees) between two distant sources that can barely be resolved?
c. What is the distance between two street lights localid="1649089839579" away that can barely be resolved?
What do you think about this solution?
We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.
Explanations 
Textbooks 
Exams 
GCSE 
IGCSE 
AS 
A Level 
International A Level 
University Admissions Tests 
Flashcards 
Vaia AI 
Notes 
Study Plans 
Study Sets 
Find a job 
Find a degree 
Student Deals 
Magazine 
Mobile App