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Chapter 19: Q. 42 (page 545)
512 g of an unknown metal at a temperature of 15°C is dropped into a 100 g aluminum container holding 325 g of water at 98°C. A short time later, the container of water and metal stabilizes at a new temperature of 78°C. Identify the metal.
The result indicates the specific heat of aluminium
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III One cylinder in the diesel engine of a truck has an initial volume of . Air is admitted to the cylinder at and a pressure of . The piston rod then does of work to rapidly compress the air. What are its final temperature and volume?
Most stars are main-sequence stars, a group of stars for which size, mass, surface temperature, and radiated power are closely related. The sun, for instance, is a yellow main-sequence star with a surface temperature of . For a main-sequence star whose mass is more than twice that of the sun, the total radiated power, relative to the sun, is approximately . The star Regulus is a bluish main-sequence star with mass and radius . What is the surface temperature of Regulus ?
A container holds 1.0 g of oxygen at a pressure of 8.0 atm.
a. How much heat is required to increase the temperature by 100°C at constant pressure?
b. How much will the temperature increase if this amount of heat energy is transferred to the gas at constant volume?
The specific heat of most solids is nearly constant over a wide temperature range. Not so for diamond. Between 200 K and 600 K,
the specific heat of diamond is reasonably well described by c = 2.8T - 350 J/kg K, where T is in K. For gemstone diamonds, 1 carat = 200 mg. How much heat energy is needed to raise the temperature of a 3.5 carat diamond from -50°C to 250°C?
A cylinder with a movable piston contains moles of gas at a temperature higher than that of the surrounding environment. An external force on the piston keeps the pressure constant while the gas cools as , where is the temperature difference between the gas and the environment, is the initial temperature difference, and is the time constant.
a. Find an expression for the rate at which the environment does work on the gas. Recall that the rate of doing work is power.
b. What power is initially supplied by the environment if of gas are initially warmer than the surroundings and cool with a time constant of ?
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