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Chapter 14: Q10Q (page 390)

Very high in the Earth’s atmosphere, the temperature can be 700°C. Yet an animal there would freeze to death rather than roast. Explain.

Short Answer

Expert verified

The emissivity of the animal is much higher than that of the rarified atmosphere.So, the animal will dissipate more energy by radiation than it can obtain from the atmosphere.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding radiation

In heat transfer through radiation, the energy is transferred in the form of electromagnetic radiation. In this process, the transfer of heat occurs in all directions in straight lines.

02

Explanation for why an animal in the uppermost atmosphere would freeze to death rather than roast

The temperature is high in the uppermost atmosphere. But as the gas particles’ density is very low, very few gas molecules will collide with the animal at higher temperatures to heat it. Alternatively, the animal will transmit heat energy to the rarified atmosphere. The heat energy dissipated by the animal by radiation is more than it can obtain from the atmosphere. It is because the emissivity of the animal is much higher than that of the rarified atmosphere.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A leaf of area \({\bf{40}}\;{\bf{c}}{{\bf{m}}^{\bf{2}}}\) and mass \({\bf{4}}{\bf{.5 \times 1}}{{\bf{0}}^{{\bf{ - 4}}}}\;{\bf{kg}}\) directly faces the Sun on a clear day. The leaf has an emissivity of 0.85 and a specific heat of \({\bf{0}}{\bf{.80}}\;{\bf{kcal/kg}} \cdot {\bf{K}}\) (a) Estimate the energy absorbed per second by the leaf from the Sun, and then (b) estimate the rate of rise of the leaf’s temperature. (c) Will the temperature rise continue for hours? Why or why not? (d) Calculate the temperature the leaf would reach if it lost all its heat by radiation to the surroundings at 24°C. (e) In what other ways can the heat be dissipated by the leaf?

In warm regions where tropical plants grow but the temperature may drop below freezing a few times in the winter, the destruction of sensitive plants due to freezing can be reduced by watering them in the evening. Explain.

A mountain climber wears a goose-down jacket 3.5 cm thick with total surface area \({\bf{0}}{\bf{.95}}\;{{\bf{m}}{\bf{2}}}\). The temperature at the surface of the clothing is \( - {\bf{1}}{{\bf{8}}{\bf{o}}}{\bf{C}}\) and at the skin is 34°C. Determine the rate of heat flow by conduction through the jacket assuming (a) it is dry and the thermal conductivity k is that of goose down, and (b) the jacket is wet, so k is that of water and the jacket has matted to 0.50 cm thickness.

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